tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16333376799619616762024-03-05T10:32:44.792-08:00The United States and the New World OrderGiuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-92220027104825311532011-08-02T10:24:00.000-07:002013-05-12T13:43:53.690-07:00INDEX/ÍNDICE<div align="center">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/01/dear-readers.html">ABOUT THIS BLOG</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/02/8-debate-structure.html"><span style="color: black;">DEBATE STRUCTURE</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/01/alexandr-dugin.html"><span style="color: black;">DUGIN’S RESUMÉ</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/01/olavo-de-carvalho.html"><span style="color: black;">OLAVO’S RESUMÉ</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/03/alexander-dugin-introduction.html"><span style="color: black;">DUGIN'S INTRODUCTION</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/03/olavo-de-carvalho-introduction.html"><span style="color: black;">OLAVO'S INTRODUCTION</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/03/alexander-dugin-first-reply.html"><span style="color: black;">[R1] DUGIN</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/r2-olavo-de-carvalho.html"><span style="color: black;">[R2] OLAVO </span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/05/r4-olavo-eng.html"><span style="color: black;">[R4] OLAVO</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/07/dugins-conclusion.html"><span style="color: black;">DUGIN’S CONCLUSION</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-44319404530949892652011-08-02T10:23:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.404-07:00CLOSURE/FIM<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-53652149572656489602011-07-05T19:32:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.409-07:00Olavo's Conclusion<div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK13"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK12"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK5"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Final Remarks</span></b></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Olavo de Carvalho</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> My debate with Prof. Aleksandr Dugin is over, there only remaining for each side to present their conclusions, which, since they will be published in tandem, will break away from the pattern of replies and rejoinders that properly constitutes a debate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> I have a clear conscience of having proven my points, whereas my opponent has proven absolutely nothing. Nor did I expect him to. It is of the nature of ideological discourse to take as unquestionable premises the very beliefs and values that it seeks to uphold, thus enclosing itself in a circular reasoning that excludes, <i>in limine</i>, the possibility of proof.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Diderot never proved anything, nor did Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Karl Marx, Lenin, Adolf Hitler, Che Guevara.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Ideological discourse does not prove anything: it gives orders, concealing them, so as not to offend the most sensitive, beneath an imitation of judgments about reality.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> A proof is only possible when you descend from the semantic level of current discussions, which is stuffed with hidden assumptions and murky connotations, analytically dismember a whole topic into explicit judgments, and confront them with the initial, universal, and self-evident data of human existence.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Philosophical meditation essentially consists in stepping back from ideas and opinions toward the founding experiences of all human knowledge. These experiences are at the same time universal and individual: they repeat themselves more or less equally in all human beings and incorporate themselves at the bottom of the soul of each one of them as data of their deepest intimacy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> An example is the experience of the structure of space, which I described in two notes posted on a blog which I have abandoned to the moths, if there are electronic moths (see “The Junior Philosopher” and “Memoirs of a Brontosaurus” at </span><a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/blog/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">www.olavodecarvalho.org/blog</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">). Another instance is the experience of the continuity of the substantial, real self beneath the mutability of psychic states and of the form of the body, as well as the inconstancy of the subjective, Cartesian self. I explained this extensively in my course “The Consciousness of Immortality,” which I hope will be published in book form this year (see the program of the course at : </span><a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/avisos/curso_out2010.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">www.olavodecarvalho.org/avisos/curso_out2010.html</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The discourse of the political agent is inevitably based on conventions and pseudo-consensuses which must be insulated from every possibility of analytical examination for that discourse to achieve its goals.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Philosophical meditation decomposes these conventions, revealing and bringing their implicit premises to judgment at the tribunal of the founding experiences, the utmost—or maybe sole—measure of our sense of reality.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The reader who is patient enough to compare my newspaper articles with the explanations on the philosophical method which I have scattered through my books, class handouts, and recorded courses, will understand that those articles never have a “stand-taking” character, but are examples—terribly condensed ones—of application of the philosophical method to the analysis of current political discourse.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The fact that some hasty readers try to explain them as expressions of some “ideology” of mine only shows that they ignore the basic condition of possibility of all ideological discourse: the existence of a social and political group to which the speaker is bound by organic ties of commitment and participation. As this condition in my case is not filled even in dreams, that is, as this group does not exist, my ideological cataloguers find themselves forced to make one up, nominating me as a representative of the Israeli government, of “Opus Dei,” of the “Tea Party,” or of any other organization with which I only maintain relations of complete mutual ignorance. In this, Prof. Dugin has exceeded my most depressing expectations, classifying me as spokesperson of Western globalism, which I abominate, or at least of its “conservative wing,” which for me is not at all different from its opposite wing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Overlooking these theatrical displays which denote some insecurity in my opponent, I would wish only to add to what has been said a few notes of a historical nature, which I hope will be useful for the understanding of the issue being debated.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> In the field of conspiracy theories Prof. Dugin is something like an authority. Not only has he written a book about them—covering Martian invasions, underground temples, and even a caste of ruling reptiles—, but he has also distinguished himself, if not as an inventor, at least as a successful propagandist of one such theory, certainly the most presumptuous of them all.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> That theory is presumptuous not only in the reach of its alleged explanatory power, which encompasses nothing less than all human history, but also in the politico-military effects that it aspires to unleash: the alliance of Russia with China and the Islamic countries, as well as with part of Western Europe, in a total war against the United States and Israel, followed by the establishment of a worldwide dictatorship.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Prof. Dugin is not a dreamer, a macabre poet creating imaginary hecatombs in a dark dungeon infested with rats. He is the mentor of the Putin government and the brains behind Russian foreign policy. His ideas have long ceased to be mere speculations. One of their material incarnations is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which gathers together Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan and intends to be the center of a restructuring of military power in the world.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Another one is the Paris-Berlin-Moscow axis, which has been the apple of the eye of Russian diplomacy for years.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The “war of the continents” theory was created by the English geographer Halford J. Mackinder at the turn of the twentieth century,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> under the impact of one of the most interesting episodes of that time: England’s struggle against Germany and Russia for dominion of Central Asia. The “Great Game,” as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rudyard Kipling called it, was an entangled story which involved, besides military personnel and diplomats, a whole cast of spies, bribed politicians, thieves, smugglers, tribe chieftains, secret sects, visionary mystics, sorcerers, corrupt maharajahs, seductive courtesans, and an army of men of science: geographers, linguists, botanists, zoologists, and ethnologists.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> At the time, what the London government feared the most was that an alliance between Russia and Germany would sink its claws into that area which was so much coveted by its natural wealth and strategic position and thereby put the security of the British Empire at risk. The conflict dragged on for decades, with an advantage now for one side now for the other, ultimately flowing into World War I.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK8"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK7"></a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="OLE_LINK3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Halford J. Mackinder</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> In Mackinder’s theory, the following features are visible:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1) He does not propose any general theory of history, except for a methodological rule, quite obvious, by the way, according to which “the actual balance of political power at any given time is, of course, the product, on the one hand, of geographical conditions, both economic and strategic, and, on the other hand, of the relative number, virility, equipment, and organization of the competing peoples.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2) The generalizations he puts forward are quite prudent and limited to a determined length of time, accessible to historic verification: the period that begins with the first barbarian invasions and culminates in the epoch of the “Great Game”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3) He does not create any plan for world domination; on the contrary, he insists on the balance among the relative forces of the several powers—the “balance of power”. Describing Russia’s growth potential, he does not, in any moment, suggest it should be obstructed or frustrated, but only that measures should be taken in order to avoid that the incomparable land-power of the Russian Empire might be also transfigured into a dominant sea-power, for if that came to pass, “the world empire would then be at hand.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prudent, rational, and balanced at each of its steps, Mackinder’s exposition has become a model of that which could have become a “geopolitics” with a just claim to being a scientific study.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Yet, his successors would transform it into something very different.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mackinder, of course, described the situation from the point of view of a “sea-power”. His theory, however, was enthusiastically adopted by the adversary power, but with an inverted sign, and soon it became one of the foundations of the new science, or pseudoscience, of “geopolitics”. Its name was coined by Swedish political scientist Rudolf Kjellén (1864-1922), a disciple of German geographer Friedrich Ratzel, who was a friend of Darwin and Haeckel and who created the racial concept of the state. One of the first to reform Mackinder’s theory according to a “land” perspective, however, was German general Karl Haushofer, who, according to several sources, was a disciple of the Armenian thaumaturge Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff and also founded the secret society Vril, which held a belief in a civilization of superior men which existed in the center of the Earth. According to the testimony of the respected physicist Willy Ley, who fled Germany in 1933, Vril, which was founded on the eve of the Nazi’s rise to power, proclaimed to have secret knowledge that would enable the improvement of the German race to the point of making it identical with the underground men. The name of the organization was inspired by Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s novel <i>The Coming Race </i>(1871), where the word “vril” meant a subtle energy, distantly analogous to the <i>Chi</i> of the Chinese traditional cosmology and the <i>Hara</i> of the Japanese, and capable of conferring extraordinary powers on those who managed to awaken it through ascetical practices.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">When Adolf Hitler was in jail with his collaborator Rudolf Hess, Haushofer, who had been Hess’ professor, visited both of them several times and conveyed to them, if not the teaching of Vril, at least the rudiments of his own geopolitical doctrine, whose influence became quite visible in <i>Mein Kampf</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The origins of this doctrine go back to Haushofer’s sojourn in Japan, where he was able to verify how effective the local government’s international plans were in comparison with the resounding failure of Kaiser William II’s imperialist projects.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">At the time, the government of Prime Minister Prince Katsura kept the population in a permanent state of alert by warning it, through vast propaganda campaigns, against the imminent risk the Japanese economy’s destruction should the following two closely linked problems not be vigorously attacked:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. Surrounded by countries with a much larger population, Japan would soon be out of the game if the number of Japanese did not rise by 40 million, reaching the figure of 100 million.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. It was impossible to squeeze 100 million people into the exiguous Japanese territory.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The obvious conclusion, soon accepted by all the population, was that the country needed to enlarge its territory through a bold policy of conquest.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Redoing the calculations, Haushofer noted that if the first premise was a reasonable conjecture, the second one was a patent lie: the density of Japan’s population was smaller than that of Germany, and the Japanese territory could house another 40 million people without any inconvenience. The policy proposed by the Katsura government did not stem from any objective need, but from a choice, an act of will. Japan did not need foreign territories: it just really, really wanted to become an imperialistic power.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">However, rather than being a disappointment to Haushofer, this policy was received by him with enthusiasm, and gave him the idea of adopting it as a model for German policy-making: if the Japanese government obtained the enthusiastic adherence of its population to its imperialistic projects through a system of lies and half-truths based on demographic data well-arranged for this end, why could the German government not do the same?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Yet, lying to the people should not imply that the government would fool itself. A serious study of political and economic geography, well coordinated with an objective strategic consideration of the possibilities of imperialistic expansion, should lay the groundwork for the unification of the national will through the impact of an intense campaign of propaganda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It was to this synthesis of geography, strategy, deceit and propaganda that he gave the name of “geopolitics”. However, those three elements have not always remained distinct and rationally coordinated<span class="MsoCommentReference"> </span> throughout his works and the intense pedagogical action that Haushofer came to exert upon German intellectuals, politicians, and military men<span class="MsoCommentReference"> </span>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><br />
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</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Karl Haushofer (left) with Rudolf Hess.</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The theory of the “war of the continents” was also adopted by Russian nationalists, such as the renowned linguist Nicolay Trubetskoy, and many changes and additions have been made to it over the decades until it has been given its current form by the hands of Prof. Aleksander Dugin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dugin gives Mackinder a non-negligible credit for having “understood the precise objective laws of the political, geographic and economic history of mankind,”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> an honor which had previously been bestowed upon Montesquieu, Hegel, Giambattista Vico, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer (in partnership with Charles Darwin) and Karl Marx, although each one of them discovered “objective laws” which were quite different from those of the others.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Mackinder-Dugin Theory certainly enjoys the merit of simplicity: everything in history is reduced to contest for power between world powers that dominate the seas and those that rule over great extensions of land. Cultures, laws, institutions, costumes, values, symbols, and even religions are all born out of that contest. As simple as that<i>. </i>It is indeed the case of asking: “Why hasn’t anyone told me about that before?”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I cannot swear that Mackinder, a simple geographer and strategist with no greater philosophical ambitions, would approve of the transfiguration of the “war of the continents” into that metaphysical duel of titans depicted by Aleksander Dugin. Clarifying this issue would require a time investment which I cannot make now. In any case, I use the expression “Mackinder-Dugin theory” in order to distinguish it from Mackinder’s original theory. Also the Duginian theory could not have gone very far in its generalizing impulse had it started from Mackinder’s ideas alone. In order to formulate it, Dugin had to dig for other sources, especially the teachings of Helena Petrovna Blavatski (1831-1891)</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> and Alice Bailey (1880-1949).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For Dugin, the conflict is not just about a struggle among states. It takes on the proportions of a war between two worldviews, two systems of opposed and </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">irreconcilable </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">values which preserve their respective identities through the ages and go on as if reincarnating, since the remotest times, in successive historical agents—states and nations—, which are not always aware of being moved, as Chinese shadows on a wall, by these invisible and omnipotent super-agents: “Atlantism” and “Eurasianism”:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“In the ancient history the ‘maritime’ powers who became the historical symbol of the ‘maritime civilization’ as a whole were Phoenicia and Carthage. The overland empire opposing Carthage was Rome. The Punic war is the purest image of the opposition of ‘maritime civilization’ and ‘overland civilizations’. In the Modern Age and in the recent history the ‘insular’ and ‘maritime’ pole became England, ‘Mistress of the seas’, and later the giant island-continent America. England, as well as the ancient Phoenicia, mostly employed sea trade and the colonization of the coastal areas as its basic instrument for domination. The Phoenician-Anglo-Saxon geopolitical type generated a special ‘mercantile-capitalist-market’ pattern of civilization founded first of all on economic and material interests and the principles of economic liberalism Therefore, despite all possible historical variations, the most general kind of ‘maritime’ civilization is always linked to the ‘primacy of economics above politics”.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">As against the Phoenician pattern, Rome represented a sample of warlike-authoritarian structure based on administrative control and civil religiosity, on the primacy of ‘politics above economics’. Rome is the example of a non-maritime, overland, purely continental type of colonization, with its deep penetration into the continent and assimilation of the submitted peoples, automatically ‘Romanized’ after the conquest. In Modern History incarnations of the ‘overland’ power were the Russian Empire and also Central European imperial Austro-Hungary and Germany. ‘Russia – Germany – Austro-Hungary’ are the essential symbols of ‘geopolitical land’ during Modern History.”</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></b></span></span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dugin insists on the essential and millennial unity and continuity of the conflict, as well as of the two adversaries considered separately:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“So generalizing the ideas of Mackinder, it is possible to say that there is an historical ‘conspiracy of the Atlantists’, pursuing through the centuries the same geopolitical purposes oriented to the interest of the ‘maritime civilization’ of neo-Phoenician kind.”</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></b></span></span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The theory clearly fits into the Kantian tradition of aprioristic determiners, which set boundaries to the field of human perceptions and actions, from above the horizon of individual consciousness, and secretly guide the course of events:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Therefore, we are dealing with a ‘secret conspiracy’ of the most ancient kind, whose meaning and intrinsic metaphysical cause frequently remain completely obscure to its basic participants and even to its leading characters.”</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mackinder’s ideas, limited as they were to the British outlook, could not reach such a level of generality prior to being complemented by their opposite—“oriental” and “terrestrial”—version. Dugin informs us that this fusion took place during the “frequent meetings of Russian Eurasianists with Karl Haushofer in Prague,” and he also tells us that around 1920 the overall Eurasian strategy, which stressed the need for a geopolitical alliance between Russia, Germany, and Japan, was ready—that very alliance which the cleverness of the British policy had been successful in frustrating since the middle of the preceding century.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In formulating this new strategy, continues Dugin, the Eurasianists and Haushofer “for the first time (…) expressed what stood behind the whole European political history of the last millennium, having traced the path of the ‘Roman imperial idea,’ which from Ancient Rome through Byzantium had passed to Russia, and through the Medieval Holy Empire of the German nations to Austria-Hungary and Germany.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The millenary opposition between the two blocks was not only geopolitical, but ideological and cultural:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Against ‘Atlantism’ personifying the primacy of individualism, ‘economic liberalism’ and ‘democracy of a Protestant kind’, stands ‘Eurasianism’, necessarily presupposing authoritarianism, hierarchy and the establishment of ‘communitarian’, national-state principles over the simply human, individualistic and economic concerns.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></b></span></span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The struggle between the two blocks crosses the millennia by means of two networks of mysterious agents who invisibly direct the course of events. On the Atlantist side,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We can define . . . the “Atlantic ideology”, the ideology of “New Carthage”- the one that is common to all “influential agents”, to all secret and occultist organizations, to all lodges and semi-closed clubs which served and serve the Anglo-Saxon idea in the 20th century, penetrating the network of all continental “Eurasian” powers. And naturally, in the first place this immediately concerns English and American reconnaissance services (especially the CIA), which are not simply the “sentinels of capitalism” or “Americanism”, but the sentinels of “Atlantism” . . . working not only in the interests of each separate country, but in the interest of a special geopolitical and, in the end, metaphysical doctrine representing an extremely multi-planed, miscellaneous and wide, but nevertheless essentially uniform worldview.</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On the Eurasian side,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“All those who restlessly worked for the Eurasian union, those who hindered for centuries the propagation on the continent of individualist, egalitarian and liberal-democratic concepts (reproducing as a whole the typical Phoenician spirit of the ‘primacy of economics above politics’), those who aspired to unite the great Eurasian peoples in the atmosphere of the East, instead of in an atmosphere of the West – be it the East of Genghis Khan, the East of Russia or East of Germany – all of them were ‘Eurasian agents’, bearers of the special geopolitical doctrine, ‘the soldiers of the continent’, ‘the soldiers of Land’. The Eurasian secret society, the Order of the Eurasianists, does not start at all with the authors of the manifest ‘Exodus to the East’ or with Haushofer’s ‘Geopolitical Journal’. This was, briefly speaking, only the revelation, the outcome of a definite knowledge which existed since the beginning of time, together with its relative secret societies and network of ‘influential agents.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dugin leaves no room for doubt that all or practically all wars in history are nothing more than chapters of that sole and endless war between Atlantists and Eurasianists, and that such war constitutes therefore the ultimate explanation of all human glories and miseries:</span></div><div style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Order of Eurasia against Order of Atlantic (Atlantides). Eternal Rome against Eternal Cartage. Occult Punic war invisibly continuing during millennia. Planetary conspiracy of Land against the Sea, Earth against Water, Authoritarianism and Idea against Democracy and Matter. </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Does not the endless paradoxes, contradictions, omissions and vagaries of our history become more clear, more logical and more reasonable, if we to look at them from the perspective of an occult geopolitical dualism?</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What is more: geopolitical dualism not only offers a causal explanation for so many evils and sufferings, but also their definitive moral justification: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Will not in this case the countless victims, by which mankind in our century pays the bill for unclear political projects, receive a deep metaphysical justification?”</span></i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></b></span></span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The excerpts quoted thus far suffice to uncover an eminent feature of Prof. Dugin’s style, one which, for being purely graphic, is not obscured by translation: I refer to his alternating use of certain expressions which are now written with attenuating quotation marks and now without them, denoting his free transition, or better said, confusion between literal and figurative meaning.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, for example, the term Eurasian Order sometimes appears as a figure of speech meant to amass into a hypothetical unit “all those who restlessly worked for the Eurasian union”<i> </i>(sic), even though they had no idea that they had been serving some secret organization; and sometimes it designates the organization itself as a concrete historical entity with a date of foundation, hierarchies, rules, oaths, initiation rites, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This introduces into the mind of the reader a twofold confusion. On one hand, it mixes into an indistinct paste both historical research and “conspiracy theory”. On the other, it violates Georg Jellinek’s classic warning, already mentioned in my second message to the debate with Prof. Dugin, that historical processes cannot be explained according to the same criteria when they arise from planned and controlled action and when they result from a purely accidental convergence of actions of several separate and unconnected agents. In the first case, the rational nexus precedes the action; in the second it is projected upon the action, <i>ex post facto</i>, by the imagination of the historian. The degree of certainty in both cases is rather different.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This twofold confusion enables Prof. Dugin to concoct pseudo-historical conceptions which are infected to their marrow with the three typical features of the revolutionary mentality—the inversion of time, the inversion between subject and object, and the inversion of moral responsibility—, which rigorously reduces the scientific value of his speculations to nothing, while at the same time strengthening the force of their appeal to the imagination of the militant masses, over which the confusion itself exerts the fascination of a Sorelian myth.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In order to see this with utmost clarity, one must begin by realizing that “a great war of the continents” has never happened in history. If there were some wars of “sea-powers” against “land-powers,” there also were just as many wars of sea-powers among themselves, and the same being true for the land-powers, and precisely the latter two groups of wars are among the most notable and devastating of all time. The Napoleonic wars and the invasion of Russia by Adolf Hitler are examples that speak for themselves.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Never, at any point in history, do we find a general alliance of “Eurasianists” against a confederation of “Atlantists”. At most, there were localized conflicts between the two blocks, punctuated with equally significant conflicts within each block (supposing, <i>ad argumentandum</i>, that they are blocks). The “great war of the continents” is not a chapter of history: it is a future goal, a plan conceived by Prof. Dugin and his predecessors to be carried out in the subsequent decades, creating a conflict between Russia, China, and the Islamic countries on one side, and America and her allies on the other.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is by taking this future ideal as a premise for the interpretation of the past that Prof. Dugin performs the magic trick of making a typical and demential “conspiracy theory” look like a respectable historical hypothesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To this end, he has to dissolve all borders between well-characterized ideological groups—Nazis and communists, for example—and reassign their members one by one, by forcedly enlisting them in the secret troops of “Atlantism” or “Eurasianism,” often attributing to them unconscious intentions which do not have anything to do with their avowed goals and with the visible course of their actions.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For example: since Germany and Russia are defined beforehand as “land powers,” being therefore natural allies against “Atlantism,” the mortal struggle between the two during World War II has to be attributed to the action of “infiltrated British agents” who manipulated Hitler and Stalin—the poor devils, so naïve!—and induced them into a fratricidal conflict instead of joining them as brothers in the fight against the common enemy.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> What happened in the first half of the twentieth century is thus explained according to what Prof. Dugin thinks would have been better for the attainment of his plans for the twenty-first century.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Among the British agents in the German High Command, he singles out Admiral Canaris, “betrayer of the Reich,”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> as being one of those most responsible for turning Germany against Russia instead of uniting them against England. For decades, Hitler had promised to “crush Bolshevism,” making this one of the avowed goals of the Nazi regime. Once in power, he unleashed ferocious persecution against the communists, while at the same time he prepared an attack against the USSR well in advance. But to Prof. Dugin all this does not mean anything. It was all the fault of some “British agent”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Likewise, World War I—when Russia sided with “Atlantist powers” against its “natural allies,” Germany and Austria-Hungary—resulted from the action of Atlantists infiltrated among Slavophile patriots, who convinced the Tsar that Russian racial identity was more strategically decisive than the territorial unity among different ethnicities (a hypothesis that Dugin imagines would have led to an alliance with Germany). An identical maneuver would have been carried out by Atlantist agents in the Germany of the 1930s, who deceived the poor Nazis into believing in the identity of “Blood and Soil” when they should have noticed that it was necessary to choose between either one or the other.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Thus, the greatest events of the real history of the twentieth century were nothing more than illusions. The true history is Prof. Dugin’s ideal narrative, which those events have maliciously concealed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For the hypothesis of a “war of the continents” to enjoy some historical viability it would be necessary to prove, at least, that the wars among land and sea powers were more frequent or had more portentous consequences than other wars, above all the ones fought among land powers or among sea powers themselves. But it will be hard to find in Russian history wars which were vaster and more full of consequence than the invasions of Russia by France and Germany— two land-powers, according to Haushofer and Dugin—or than the war between Russia and Japan, also a land-power according to the same authors.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If the mere existence of a “war of the continents” is a hypothesis that goes up in smoke, even more chimerical would be to try to prove the existence of permanent conspiracies behind those wars, not to mention the existence, over the millennia, of secret organizations—an “Atlantist Order” against a “Eurasian Order”—devoted to their waging. Prof. Dugin sidesteps any confrontation with this question by his alternating use of words written with quotation marks or without them, by sometimes denoting a mere figure of speech and sometimes a presumption of the concrete existence of the organizations in question. In this way he is free to reason as if such organizations really existed, drawing from this the most daring conclusions, as well as to escape from trouble. when pressed against the wall with a demand for concrete evidence, by alleging that the names of the organizations were just figures of speech used to designate the spontaneous and unpremeditated convergence of the actions of “all those who restlessly worked for” the Atlantist or the Eurasian cause, even if they had imagined they had been doing something entirely different (fighting for mere national interests, money, or the propagation of faith, for example). At this point, the confusion between the anticipated unity of a plan and the retroactive unity of a historical account is more than evident.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">By reason of its own confusion, the “Eurasian” idea hangs in the air like a chiaroscuro cloud, fascinating the audience with the power of a poetic-rhetorical discourse adorned with false scientific glitter.</span></div><div><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> See my article “A Suggestion to the Right-Thinking: Check into a Mental Hospital,” <i>Diário do Comércio</i> (Sao Paulo), January 30, 2006, http://www.theinteramerican.org/commentary/265-a-suggestion-to-the-right-thinking-check-into-a-mental-hospital-.html . </span></div></div><div id="ftn2"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> See Jean Parvulesco, <i>Vladimir Poutine et l’Eurasie</i>. </span></div></div><div id="ftn3"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Halford J. Mackinder, “The geographical pivot of History”, <i>The Geographical Journal</i>, N<sup>o </sup>4, April, 2004, Vol. XXIII, pp. 421-444. A more detailed explanation can be read at my website, <a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/">www.olavodecarvalho.org</a>, under the title “The ‘Pivot of History’ according to Halford J. Mackinder”. </span></div></div><div id="ftn4"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> See Peter Hopkirk, <i>The Great Game. The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia</i>, New York, Kodansha, 1994, e Karl Mayer and Shareen Blair Brysac, <i>Tournament of Shadows. The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia</i>, Washington D.C., Counterpoint, 1999.</span></div></div><div id="ftn5"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> P. 437.</span></div></div><div id="ftn6"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> See Andreas Dorpalen, <i>The World of General Haushofer. Geopolitics in Action</i>, Port Washington (NY), Kennikat, 1942, pp. 7-13.</span></div></div><div id="ftn7"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> Alexandre Douguine, <i>La Grande Guerre des Continents</i>, Paris, Avatar Éditions, 2006, p. 12. <span lang="EN-US">An English version is available at: http://www.amerika.org/texts/the-great-war-of-continents-aleksandr-dugin/</span></div></div><div id="ftn8"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> See Helena P. Blavatski, <i>Isis Unveiled</i>, London, J. W. Bouton, 1877, and <i>The Secret Doctrine</i>, London, Theosophical Publishing House, 1888. See also René Guénon, <i>Le Théosophisme, Histoire d’une Pseudo-Réligion</i>, Paris, 1921.</span></div></div><div id="ftn9"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Alexandre Douguine, <i>op. cit</i>., pp. 13-14.</span></div></div><div id="ftn10"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Alexandre Douguine, <i>op. cit</i>., pp. 16-17.</span></div></div><div id="ftn11"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Loc. cit</i>.</span></div></div><div id="ftn12"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 18.</span></div></div><div id="ftn13"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 14.</span></div></div><div id="ftn14"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 15.</span></div></div><div id="ftn15"><div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 19. I do not know what date for the publication of the manifesto Dugin refers to, but the first issue of the Haushofer’s “Geopolitics Review” <i>(Zeitschrift für Geopolitik</i>) was published in January 1924.</span></div></div><div id="ftn16"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Loc. cit.</i></span></div></div><div id="ftn17"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Loc. cit.</i></span></div></div><div id="ftn18"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Here I use the same recourse to quotation marks, but with an opposite goal: when the word comes between quotes, it desginates what Prof. Dugin seems to understand by it; without quotes, what I understand myself.</span></div></div><div id="ftn19"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 25.</span></div></div><div id="ftn20"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> <i>Loc. cit. </i></span></div></div></div><div><hr align="left" class="msocomoff" size="1" width="33%" /><div><div class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5365214957265648960" name="_msocom_1"></a> </div></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-52075546639667759082011-07-05T19:31:00.001-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.407-07:00Dugin's Conclusion<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Endnotes. </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Against Post-Modern World</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">I would like, at the conclusion of this debate with Mr. Carvalho, to sum up the most important points: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Now I see that he was rather right in the beginning stressing that the asymmetry in our respective positions would eventually damage the whole task. So it was. I don’t see any use in continuing the mutual critics because it doesn’t help understand anything at all (for us and for the readers). I can now sincerely confess that I find the position of Mr. Carvalho too personal, idiosyncratic and irrelevant. So I would like to concentrate myself on other theoretical points that seem to me of real importance for the cause of the Tradition, of anti-imperialist and antimodern struggle that is my first and only concern.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">First of all I insist that the <i>current world is unipolar</i> with the <i>global West</i> in its centre and with the United States as its <i>core</i>. The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">opposite </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">arguments of Mr. Carvalho didn’t convince me at all. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">This kind of the unipolarity has <i>geopolitical </i>and <i>ideological</i> sides. Geopolitically is <i>the strategic dominance of the earth by North-American hyperpower </i>and the effort of Washington to organize the balance of forces on the planet in such a manner to be able to rule the whole world in accordance with its own <i>national (imperialistic) interests</i>. It is <i>bad</i> because it deprives other states and nations of their real sovereignty. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">When there is only one instance to decide who is right and who is wrong and who should be punished we have a kind of the <i>global dictatorship.</i> I am convinced that is not acceptable. So <i>we should fight against it. </i>If someone deprives us from our freedom we have to react. And we will. The American Empire should be destroyed. And at one point it will be. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Ideologically the unipolarity is based on the <i>Modernist and Post-Modernist values </i>that are openly <i>anti-traditional</i> ones. I share the vision of Rene Guenon and Julius Evola who considered the Modernity and its ideological basis (the individualism, the liberal democracy, the capitalism, the comfortism and so on) to be the cause of the future catastrophe of the humanity and global domination of the Western attitudes as the reason of final degradation of the earth<i>. The West is approaching to its end</i> and we should not let it push all the rest with it into the abyss. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Spiritually the globalization is the <i>creation of the Grand Parody</i>, the kingdom of the Antichrist. And the United States is in centre of its expansion. The American values pretend to be “universal” ones. That it is new form of ideological aggression against the multiplicity of the cultures and the traditions still existing in the other parts of the world. I am resolutely against the Western values that are essential Modernist and Post-Modernist ones and promulgated by the United States by force </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">or by the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">obtrusion</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Afghanistan, Iraq, now Libya, tomorrow </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Syria</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> and Iran) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">So, <i>all traditionalists</i> should be against the West and the globalization as well as against the imperialist politics of United States. It is the only logical and consequent position. So the traditionalists and the partisans of the traditional principles and values <i>should oppose the West and defend the Rest </i>(if the Rest shows the signs of the conservation of the Tradition – partly or entirely). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">There can be and there are really men in the West and in the United States of America who don’t agree with the present state of things and don’t approve the Modernity and Post-Modernity being the defenders of the spiritual tradition of the Pre-Modern West. They should be <i>with us</i> in our common struggle. They should take part in our revolt against Modern World and Post-Modern world. And we would fight together against a common enemy. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Unfortunately t</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">hat is not the case of Mr. Carvalho. He shows himself partly critical of the modern Western civilization, but partly agrees with it and attacks its enemies. It is a kind of “semi-conformism” so to say. It is frankly irrelevant and of no interest to me. There are friends and there are foes. Only that matters. All the rest is without any importance. Mr. Carvalho is neither. It is his choice. His anti-soviet and anti-Russian pejorative myths, stupid conspiracy theories, implicit cultural Western racism, the ressentiment to his own native country are not even worth </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> critics. No comments.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">The other question is the structure of the possible anti-globalist and anti-imperialist front and its participants. I think that we should include in it <i>all forces</i> that struggle against the West, the United States, against the liberal democracy, against Modernity and Post-Modernity<i>. The common enemy</i> is the necessary instance for all kinds of political alliances. The Muslims, the Christians, the Russians and the Chinese, the leftists or the rightists, the Hindus or the Jews <i>who challenge the present state of things</i>, the globalization and the American imperialism are virtually <i>friends ands allies. </i>Let our ideals be different but we have in common one very strong thing: the present reality that we hate. Our ideals that differ are <i>potential </i>(in potentia). But the challenge we are dealing with is actual (in actu). So that is the basis for <i>new alliance</i>. All who share negative analysis of the globalization, westernization and post-modernization should coordinate their effort in creation of new strategy of the resistance to the omnipresent evil. And we can find the «ours» in the United States also – among those who choose the Tradition against the present decadence. Mr Carvalho doesn't belong to such kind of persons. He has </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">convincingly explained that during the debate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">At this point we could raise a really important question<i>: what kind of ideology </i>should we use in our opposition to the globalization and its liberal democratic capitalist and Modernist (Post-Modernist) principles? I think that all anti-liberal ideologies (the communism, socialism as well as fascism) are <i>not anymore relevant</i>. They tried to fight the liberal-capitalism and they failed. Partly because in the end of time it is evil that prevails; partly because of their inner contradictions and limitations. So it is time to make the accomplish <i>deep revision</i> of the antiliberal ideologies of the past. What is their <i>positive</i> side? - The <i>very fact</i> that they were <i>anti-capitalist </i>and <i>anti-liberal</i>, as well as also anti-cosmopolite and anti-individualist. So these features should be accepted and integrated in the future ideology. But the communism doctrine is Modern, atheist, materialist and cosmopolite. That should be thrown out. On the contrary, the social solidarity, social justice, the socialism and general <i>holistic </i>attitude to the society are <i>good</i> in themselves. So we need to separate the materialist and Modernist aspect and reject them. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">On the other hand in the theories of Third way (dear up to certain point to some traditionalists as Julius Evola) there were some unacceptable elements – first of all <i>racism</i>, xenophobia and chauvinism. That is not only moral failures but also theoretically and anthropologically inconsistent attitudes. The difference between the ethnos doesn't mean superiority or inferiority. <i>The difference should be accepted and affirmed without any racist appreciation</i>. There is not common measure dealing with the different ethnic groups. When one society tries to judge the other it applies its own criteria and so commits the intellectual violence. The same attitude is precisely the crime of the globalization and Westernization, as well as the American imperialism. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">If we free the socialism from its materialist, atheist and Modernist features and if we reject the racist and narrow nationalist aspects of the Third way doctrines we arrive at a completely <i>new kind of the political ideology. </i>We call it <i>Fourth Political Theory</i> (first being the liberalism, that we essentially challenge, the second the classical form of communism, the third the national-socialism and the fascism). Its elaboration starts <i>from the point of intersection</i> between different antiliberal political theories of the past (the communism and the Third way theories). So we arrive to the <i>national-bolshevism</i> that represents the socialism without materialism, atheism, progressism and Modernism and the Third way theories without racism and nationalism. But that is only <i>first</i> step. The mechanical addition of deeply revised versions of the antiliberal ideologies of the past doesn’t give us the final result. It is only first approximation, preliminary approach. We should go further and make <i>appeal to the Tradition</i> and to Pre-Modern sources of inspiration. There we have Platonic ideal State, the medieval hierarchic society and theological </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">vision of the normative social and political system </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">(Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish or Hindu) . This Pre-Modern source is very important development of the national-bolshevism synthesis. So we need to find a <i>new name</i> for this kind of ideology and “Fourth Political Theory” is quite appropriate for this. It doesn't tell us what this Theory is, but rather what it isn't. So it is a kind of invitation and appeal rather than the dogma.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Politically we have here the interesting basis for conscious cooperation of the left-wingers and the right-wingers as well as with the religious or other anti-modern movements (the ecologists for example). The only thing that we insist on in creating such cooperation <i>is to put aside anti-communist as well as antifascist prejudices.</i> These prejudices are the <i>instruments</i> in the hands of liberals and globalists with which they keep their enemies divided. So we should strongly reject anticommunism as well as antifascism. Both of them are counter-revolutionary </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">tools in the hands of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> the <i>global liberal elite</i>. At the same time we should strongly oppose any kind of the confrontation between the religions – Muslims against Christians, the Jews against Muslims, the Muslims against the Hindus and so on. The interconfessional wars and hatred work for the cause of the kingdom of Antichrist who tries to divide all the traditional religions in order to impose its own pseudo-religion, the eschatological parody. Mr. Carvalho works here as proponent of such division of the religions. That is very logical for his position. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">So we need <i>to unite the right, the left and the religions in the common struggle against common enemy</i>. <i>The social justice, the national sovereignty and the Traditional values</i> are three principles of such ideology. It is not easy to put all this together. But we should try if we want to overcome the foe. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">In French there is a slogan: “la droite des valeurs et la gauche du travail” (Alain Soral). In italian it goes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> “La Destra sociale e la Sinistra identitaria”. How exactly it should sound in English we will see later.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">We could go further and try to define the <i>subject</i>, the actor of the Forth Political Theory. In the case of the communism in the centre there was the <i>class</i>. In the case of the Third way movements in the centre was the <i>race </i>or the <i>nation</i>. In the case of religions – it is the <i>community of the faithful</i>. How the Fourth Political Theory could deal with this diversity and the divergence of subjects? We propose, as a suggestion, that the <i>The subject of the Fourth Political Theory can be found in the Heideggerian concept of Dasein (being-t/here).</i> It is a concrete but extremely profound instance that could be <i>the common denominator</i> for the further ontological development. What is crucial here – that is the <i>authenticity or non-authenticity </i>of the existence of the Dasein. Fourth Political Theory insists on the <i>authenticity </i>of the existence. So it is the antithesis to any kind of alienation – social, economic, national, religious or metaphysical. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">But the Dasein is a <i>concrete </i>instance. Any man and any culture possess their own Dasein. They differ between each other but they are <i>present</i> always. Here I can only mention a topic that needs further explanations (given in my books and articles).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">The last point is the place of Brazil and the Latin America as whole in the actual global structure of the world. I see the role of Brazil as <i>something comparable</i> with the role of Russia-Eurasia. That is the very particular country with specific culture where the Western elements are mixed with the indigenous components. It is based on the mixtures of different blocks of values. Exactly as Russian culture is. We call this feature in our country “Eurasianism” stressing that we are dealing with original synthesis of the European and Asiatic patterns and attitudes. The Brazil in some metaphoric way is also «Eurasian»; the West is mixed with non-West in the very roots of the society. The Brazil as well as the other Latin America countries has its <i>own particular identity</i>. But among the other countries that is Brazil that is developing now with the greater speed and is managing to affirm more and more its political and economical independence. Such independence is considered first of all vis-a-vis the USA. So here the affirmation of <i>cultural identity</i> goes hand in hand with the <i>growth of the economical and geopolitical power</i>. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">We need to interpret </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">the leftist sympathies of the major part of the Brazilian society as a sign of a search for its particular social identity that doesn't fit </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">into individualist</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> and liberal pattern of North-American society. So, Brazilian and wider Latin American socialism has in itself many ethnic and national features. The catholic religious factor and the spiritual synthesis of the popular religious beliefs are very important elements in the present awakening of the new sovereign identity of Brazil. It is in some aspects comparable with the geopolitical, cultural and spiritual renaissance of the modern Russia. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">So this affinity on the geopolitical, cultural and social levels makes our situation similar and gives us the ground of the mutual cooperation and geopolitical alliance. The Russia as well as the Latin America or Islamic countries, or China see the future world essentially <i>as multipolar</i>, where the United States and the West in general should be no more than the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">separate poles</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> among the other. Any </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">claim</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> of imperialism, colonialism or universalism of values should be severely rejected. So we are in the same camp. And we must concentrate on it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Accepting that we should progress to the elaboration of the common strategy in the process of the creation of the future that should fit to our demands and our visions. So such values as social justice, national sovereignty and traditional spirituality can serve us as the clue. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">I sincerely believe that the Fourth Political Theory, the national-bolshevism and eurasianism can be of the great use for our peoples, our countries and our civilizations. The key word is “multipolatity” in all senses – geopolitical, cultural, axiological, economical and so on.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">The important vision of Nous (Intellect) of Greek philosopher Plotinus that correspond to our ideal. The Intellect is one and the multiple at the same time, because it has all kinds of the differences in itself – not uniform or mixed, but taken as such with all their particularities. The future world should be <i>noetic</i> in some way – the multiplicity, diversity should be taken as the richness and the treasure and not as the reason of inevitable conflict: many civilizations, many poles, many centres, many sets of values on one planet in one humanity.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">But there are some who think otherwise. Who are against such a project? Those who want to impose the uniformity, the unique thought, the one (American) way of life, One World. And they are doing it by force and by persuasion. They are <i>against</i> the multipolarity. So they are against us. Mr. Carvalho is one among those. From now on we know it. The debate is closed but our struggle is in the very beginning.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">I hope sincerely there are in Brazil other kinds of the traditionalists, intellectuals and philosophers who are closer to Eurasian point of view and more consistent and coherent in their rejection of the Modernity and Post-Modernity as well as the globalization, the liberalism and North-American Imperialism and more Brazilian also…</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Alexander Dugin </b></span></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-3491997455910162742011-05-23T13:20:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.402-07:00[R4] Olavo (Eng.)<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Against Right-Wing Bolshevism (or Leftist Traditionalism)</span></b></div><div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">A point-by-point answer </span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Third Message for the debate with Prof. Aleksandr Dugin</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Olavo de Carvalho</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span><a href="http://www.debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/" title="http://www.debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/"><br />
</a></div><br />
Introduction. <br />
1. Disappointment <br />
2. Attacks. <br />
3. Surprise. <br />
4. Insult and retaliation. <br />
5. Delight <br />
6. Is everything politics?<br />
7. Will to power <br />
8. Eurasianism and communism.<br />
9. Counting corpses. <br />
10. Dugin contra Dugin<br />
11. The duty to choose. <br />
12. Arms. <br />
13. Dugin contra Dugin (2) <br />
14. The difference between us. <br />
15. The difference between us (2) <br />
16. Anesthetic quotes. <br />
17. A question of style. <br />
18. My stupid opinion.<br />
19. Judgement by guesswork<br />
20. Reality was invented in the Middle Ages. <br />
21. Reality and concept <br />
22. Intellectual racism.. <br />
23. Absolute and relative relativism.. <br />
24. Absolute and relative relativism (2) <br />
25. Subject and object <br />
26. Logical essence. <br />
27. Existence and proof <br />
28. Just stage business. <br />
29. Oh, how hateful I am! <br />
30. Resentment <br />
31. Putting words in my mouth. <br />
32. Oh, how hateful I am! (2) <br />
33. Guénon and the West <br />
34. The world upside-down. <br />
35. The Seven Towers of the Devil <br />
36. Asymmetry. <br />
37. Conspiracy Theory. <br />
38. Conspiracy Theory (2) <br />
39. Free competition ideology?. <br />
40. American national interest?. <br />
41. Fabricating unity. <br />
42. Putting words in my mouth (2) <br />
43. Putting words in my mouth (3) <br />
44. Putting words in my mouth (4) <br />
45. Western or Catholic Church?. <br />
46. The Catholic Church and the American right <br />
47. Love for the strong. <br />
48. The two utopias compared. <br />
49. Christianity and “organic society” <br />
50. Syncretism.. <br />
51. Protestantism and individualism.. <br />
52. Jews. <br />
53. Jews (2) <br />
54. Jews (3) <br />
55. Love for the strong (2)<br />
56. Multiculturalism.<br />
57. Warrior spirit <br />
58. Revolt and post-modernism.<br />
59. Salvation by destruction.<br />
60. Not even a fart’s worth of effort<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_Toc292971091" style="color: black;"></a> <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_Toc292971091"><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">66</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span> <br />
<h3><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h3><h3><u><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> Introduction</span></span></u></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What did Prof. Dugin reply to my refutation of the mechanical contrast between individualism and collectivism? Nothing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What did he reply to my demonstration that the “holistic” sentiment of community solidarity is more alive in the USA than in any country of the Eurasian block? Nothing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To my comparison between the respective evil deeds of the USA, Russia, and China? Nothing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To my explanation about the nature of historic action and the identity of the true agents of history? Nothing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To my fathoming of the structural conflict that transforms the Orthodox Church into a docile instrument of any Russian imperialist project? Nothing.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">He preferred to dodge all the decisive questions and, feigning offended dignity, to leave the stage thumping his feet, as a cabaret <i>prima donna.</i> And yet he says that I am the hysterical one. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On his way out, he nibbled around the edges, touching on secondary points of my message, to which he offered no satisfactory answer as well, limiting himself to pounding his chest in a display of affected superiority, and to ascribing me ideas I do not have, which were invented by him with the aim of easily impugning them, so he could celebrate victory in his imaginary battle.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Of course I will not pay him back in his own coin. My theatrical gifts are nil or negligible, as attested by the great Russian-Brazilian actor and director Eugênio Kusnet with the sovereign authority of a former student of Stanislavsky, when he declared, rightly, that I was the worst student in his acting course. To his great relief, I attended the course out of mere curiosity, without any malignant intent of imposing my abominable performances on the public.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On the other hand, I am a trained scholar and a practitioner of the art of argumentation, on which I have published at least two ground-breaking books.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Hence, I know what a debate is, and I am certain that it is not what Prof. Dugin imagines it to be, that is, a circussy gesticulation aimed at making him look nice and at fastening a repugnant mask to his opponent’s face. That is only a dispute of vanities, a silly game that for me has as much interest as a fight among earthworms for a hole on the ground. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What I will do here is to answer Prof. Dugin point by point, with the systematic thoroughness of someone who does not wish to destroy him, but rather to rescue him from the muddy confusion in which he is drowning. In the following lines, each of Prof. Dugin’s slippery circumlocutions will be carefully steered back to the central questions he tried to avoid, and answered with direct candor, without posing or making faces.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In order to facilitate the reading, I divided Prof. Dugin’s text into </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">60<span style="color: black;"> numbered paragraphs, in which I also include his quotes of my second message. Both are reproduced in a smaller font and followed by my replies.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The length of this message does not stem from any erotic pleasure I may feel in writing long texts, but from the simple fact that—to quote myself for a thousandth time—the human mind is made up in such a way that error and lies can always be expressed in a more succinct way than their refutation. A single false word requires many words to disprove it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. Disappointment</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To say the truth, I am a little bit disappointed by this debate with Mr. Olavo de Carvalho. I thought I would find in him a representative of Brazilian traditionalist philosophers in the line of R. Guenon and J.Evola. But he turned out to be something different and very queer indeed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On my part, I am not disappointed. In spite of being called <i>queer</i>—an adjective whose connotations Prof. Dugin pretends to ignore—, now I am really starting to like this debate. When my opponent begins to get irritated, and resorts to derogatory labeling, shameless bluffs, and arguments of authority, answering to practically nothing of the substance of what I have said, I begin to understand that I was even more right than I had imagined at the outset.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I am especially glad when my contender uses words that contrast in such a way with his real conduct that in order to wholly disprove him, all I need to do is to invoke the testimony of his own actions.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prof. Dugin is an ostensible preacher of war and genocide. He confesses that he hates the whole West and that his declared goals are to incite a Third World War, to wipe the West off the face of the Earth, and to establish everywhere what he himself defines as a universal dictatorship. He has already said that nothing makes him sadder than the fact that Hitler and Stalin did not join forces to destroy France, England, and everything else they found on their way, distributing to the whole universe the benefits that they had already lavished on the inmates of the Gulag and Auschwitz.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">When a man with these ideas calls me aggressive and rancorous, I cannot but conclude that I am facing a living example of delusional interpretation,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> one of the defining traits of the revolutionary mentality, I feel as satisfied as Dr. Charcot did when, before an academic audience, his patients reacted exactly as according to the point of clinic psychiatry he wished to illustrate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. Attacks</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I am also sad with his hysterical and aggressive attacks against my country, my tradition and myself personally. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) No, Prof. Dugin. Who attacked your country and your tradition was not I. It was Lenin and Stalin, whom you consider preferable to Ronald Reagan and even to Barack Obama. I just said the obvious: that all Russians who applauded those two should work to pay compensation to the families of their victims. Is this offensive? Or was Justice created only for Germans, while the Russians and the Chinese have a celestial certificate of immunity? Of your religious tradition I also did not say anything that you had not said before: that it is a state religion, which has as its chief the czar or whoever is on his place; that therefore it cannot expand beyond its borders except by politico-military occupation of foreign lands. What have you been doing if not demonstrating this with notable constancy?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">By the way, if you really believe in holism and collectivism, you have to admit that it makes no sense to individualize the faults of politicians while at the same time absolving the collective entity that gave them power and support. Either we are all free and responsible individuals—but you consider this an abominable Western ideology—, or then, my son, the collectivity whose soul is projected and condensed into a Stalin or czar is guilty of the acts of Stalin and the czar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) It is highly significant your choice of the word “attack” instead of “offend” or “insult,” either of which being much more adequate to designate a merely verbal assault. Prof. Dugin openly preaches the destruction of Catholicism by force, by military and police means, especially in Eastern European countries,</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> where the Catholic Church has suffered all sorts of persecution and restriction. It is understandable that by nurturing this bloody dream he feels “attacked” at the least sign of criticism against the Orthodox Church by an unarmed man with no intention of wiping it off the map. It is also highly significant that after this disproportional reaction, which is hysterical in the most literal and technical sense of the term, he says that I am the hysterical one. The revolutionary mind lives off projective inculpation.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. Surprise</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is something I was not prepared to meet. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Oh, really? With his bazookas and tanks, he was prepared to stimulate the slaughtering of some hundreds of millions of people, but he could never have expected that one of them would complain a little.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4. Insult and retaliation</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Knowing his manners of conduct better before, I would not have agreed to participate in such a debate – I don't like at at all this kind of hollow accusations and direct insults. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The first to insult was Prof. Dugin, and I have the awful habit of retaliating. There is no worse insult than the thinly-veiled insinuation, in the style of the best <i>opera buffa</i> schemer. Prof. Dugin tried to portray me to my compatriots as a traitor to the homeland, an enemy of my country. A country where he has never been to, of which he knows next to nothing, and whose support he now intends to win based on cheap flattering, without warning it that in the Universal Eurasian Empire it will hardly have a better luck than Ukraine had under Russian dominion, or Tibet under Chinese occupation. Did he really expect that after this he would get kid-gloves treatment from me? Those who know me know that I hate word-mincing, sweet poisons, and deceitful intrigues whispered in mellifluous tones. If you want to argue with me, either you respect me, or hold your tears after I am done with you. Be a man.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5. Delight</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So I am going to continue only because of some obligations in front of the group of gentle Brazilian young traditionalists that invited me to enter this unpleasant kind of dialogue – that in other circumstances I would prefer to avoid.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Why “unpleasant”? This is delightful!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6. Is everything politics?</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For the beginning there are some short remarks concerning some affirmations of Mr. Carvalho.<i>“Political Science, as I have said, was born at the moment when Plato and Aristotle distinguished between the discourse of political </i>agents<i> and the discourse of the scientific observer who seeks to understand what is going on among the agents. It is true that political agents may, over time, learn how to use certain instruments of scientific discourse for their own ends; it is also true that the scientific observer may have preferences for the politics of this or that agent. But this does nothing to alter the validity of the initial distinction: the discourse of the political agent aims to produce certain actions that favor his victory, while the discourse of the scientific observer seeks to obtain a clear view of what is at stake, by understanding the objectives and means of action of each of the agents, the general situation where the competition takes place, its most probable developments, and the meaning of such events in the larger picture of human existence.”</i> The thesis is overthrown by Marx in his analysis of the ideology as the implicit basis for the science as such. Not being Marxist myself, I am sure that observation is correct.<i> “The function of the scientific observer becomes even more distinct from that of the agents when he neither wishes nor can take sides with any of them and keeps himself at a necessary distance in order to describe the picture with the maximum realism available to him.”</i> I argue that that is simply impossible. There is no such place in the realm of thought that can be fully neutral in political terms. Every human thought is politically oriented and motivated. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is I who was not prepared for something like that. I grew up listening to this gibberish about inevitable political engagement, universal politicization of every human act, and I could not have imagined that Prof. Dugin would try to intimidate me with this silly trick, a meaningless cliché that no philosopher with some training can take seriously for a single minute. Like every expression of thick ignorance, this one carries with it, concentrated and compacted, a multitude of vulgar confusions that only education over time can undo. I do not have the least pretension of remedying Prof. Dugin’s educational flaws, but as a mere suggestion, I will present here a list of questions to which he would do well in paying some attention in the coming years. Let us see:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) “<i>Every human thought is politically oriented and motivated</i>” is a statement based upon a mere confusion between a concept and a figure of speech. All human acts “may,” theoretically and ideally, have closer or more distant relations with politics, but not all of them can be “politically oriented and motivated” to the same degree and in the same sense. No political intention moves me when I go to the bathroom, put on my pants, drink a soda, eat a sandwich, listen to a Bach cantata, arrange the papers in my office or mow the lawn in my yard (unless the purpose of avoiding an invasion of snakes be a political prejudice against these gentle creatures). The connection between human acts and politics is distributed on a scale that goes from 100 percent to something like 0.00000001 percent. When, for instance, George W. Bush went for a pee, was this be a political act to the same degree and in the same sense as the declaration of war against Iraq? Quite clearly, the proposition “<i>Every human thought is politically oriented and motivated</i>” jumps from the simple notice of a participation that may be vague and extremely remote to the peremptory assertion <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12fd7a088a2bf051_OLE_LINK8"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12fd7a088a2bf051_OLE_LINK9"></a>of a perfectly non-existent substantial identity and of an impossible quantitative equality. It is not a concept. It is a figure of speech, a hyperbole. And as such, it does not depict any objective reality, but rather the emphasis that the speaker wishes to confer on the issue—on a scale that can go from a plain demand for attention all the way to the psychotic abolition of the sense of proportions. Prof. Dugin’s assertion is clearly included in the latter category.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) Every human act, by definition, participates to a greater or lesser degree in all the dimensions not only of human life, but of existence in general. No one participates in all of them at the same level and with the same intensity. Thus, statements like “everything is physics,” “everything is atoms”, “everything is psychology,” “everything is biology,” “everything is theater,” “everything is a game,” “everything is religion,” “everything is will to power,” “everything is economics” “everything is sex,” and “<i>every human thought is politically oriented and motivated</i>” are at the same time irrefutable and void. They cannot be refuted because they do not say anything.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(3) The statement “<i>There is no such place in the realm of thought that can be fully neutral in political terms</i>” is an elementary confusion between genus and species: between politics as one of the general dimensions of existence and the various historically existing disputes in particular. Even if one would accept, <i>ad argumentandum,</i> the hypothesis that all human acts are political, this would in no way imply that each human being has to take a position in every political contest taking place in his time. The very possibility of taking a position implies a previous selection of what contests are relevant and what are indifferent or false. Neutrality towards a multitude of political questions is not only possible, but is an indispensable condition for taking a position in any one of them in particular.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(4) I cannot believe that Prof. Dugin is naïve to the point of ignoring that the definition of the goals of the political game and the delimitation of the opposing camps are themselves fundamental political attitudes. “Shaping a debate” is the fastest and most efficient way to win in advance. Now, once a political contest is defined, instead of taking sides with one team or the other, nothing prevents a citizen from rejecting this very contest, and proposing in its place a totally different one, disregarding the first one not only as irrelevant, but as false, thus refusing to choose between opponents that, in his opinion, are only shadows projected on a wall in order to deceive him. In this case, he must remain neutral towards the other contest precisely in order to be able to take a position in his own.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This debate itself exemplifies this with the utmost clarity. Prof. Dugin, just as Western globalists, wishes to force me to choose between “the West and the Rest.” He yells that no one can remain neutral concerning this contest and insists that, in order to bring it to an end, we all have to quietly accept the simple prospect of a Third World War, necessarily vaster and more destructive than the two previous ones.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">From my point of view, even if the whole population of the planet would swallow this proposal and decide to join one of the two armies, this would not make the contest morally legitimate, it would not prove it to be an unavoidable historical fatality, nor would it in any way make it an adequate expression of the true antagonisms that divide mankind.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Why, by the way, should the fundamental choice be of a geopolitical nature and not, for example, of a moral or religious one? Why should good and bad people be distributed into separate geographical borders instead of being scattered a bit here, a bit there, without any national or racial uniformity?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For me, much more than a hypothetical and artificial contest between “Westerners” and “Easterners,” what is at stake today is the mortal fight between the whole of globalism—in its triple Western, Russian-Chinese, and Islamic versions— and the millennial spiritual and civilizational values which will be necessarily destroyed in the course of the fight for global dominance, no matter who turns out to be the “winner.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">These values are not “Western.” Who ignores, for example, that the Orthodox Church cannot join the “Eurasian project” without becoming a passive instrument in the hands of the KGB (whose name has been switched for the nth time), as it has in fact already become under the leadership of a patriarch who is a notorious agent of this macabre institution? Read the works of the great Orthodox tradition, as <i>Philokalia</i> or <i>The Way of a Pilgrim, </i>and compare them with the ideological speeches of Prof. Dugin. What can there be in common between the apotheosis of contemplative life and the prostitution of everything to the dictates of the political fight? What agreement can there be between Our Lord Jesus Christ and the devil?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In the same way, practically everything in Islamic spirituality—and even in Islamic philosophy—has been lost ever since generations of enraged youths decided to Islamicize the world on the basis of terrorist attacks, inspired in the doctrines of the Muslim Brotherhood, which are but a “liberation theology,” a gross politicization of that which Islam once was. Compare the writings of Mohieddin Ibn ‘Arabi or Jalal-ed-Din Rûmi with those of Sayyd Qutub, the mentor of the Brotherhood, and you will have an idea of what a free fall really is.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The general politicization of life—one of the typical features of Western modernity, which Prof. Dugin says he hates, but to which, as we shall see later, he is a helpless and passive ideological slave— evidently also had spiritually disastrous results in the West. The degradation of Judaism by a modernizing liberalism since the beginning of the<sup> </sup>nineteenth century, as depicted by Rabbi Marvin Antelman in <i>To Eliminate the Opiate</i>,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a> was a sort of miniature laboratory which prepared the way for an identical operation carried out in the twentieth century, on a much larger scale, in the Catholic Church, culminating in the complete disaster of Council Vatican II. As for the Protestant churches: who is not aware that the World Council of Churches, which gathers together so many of them, is a communist institution, and that those not infected by communism have fallen sick with a “theology of prosperity” as materialist as communism itself?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To all these cases, Eric Voegelin’s warning applies: “<i>The modern form by which a mass democracy is organized </i>[therein included, and even preeminently, the “totalitarian democracies” of Russia, China, and the Islamic world] <i>is spiritually the more dangerous to the individual personally, for the political propaganda fills his spirit with abstract clichés, which are infinitely distant from any essential genuineness of the personal, and therefore radically negate the best and unique features of the entire human being</i>.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12fd7a088a2bf051__ftnref2"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Confronted with facts such as this, the man who is more interested in the eternal life than in political fights, instead of taking part in the contest among globalisms, very likely will do what he can to depreciate it, discredit it and dilute it into the greater contest between the City of God and the City of Men, and included in the latter are the Syndicate, the Eurasian Empire, and the Caliphate.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> is my fight, not the one which Prof. Dugin tries to engage me in against my will, putting on me the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">strait jacket of a party which is not mine and never could be. For this </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">purpose</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, he twists the meaning of my words until he makes them say the opposite of what they say, thus committing against me the most </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">grave</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> offense one can commit against a philosopher: denying the individuality of his ideas and reducing them to a copy of the collective discourses he </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">despises</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5) As if revealing a universally known truth to a hillbilly to whom it is an absolute novelty, Prof. Dugin informs me that the Platonic-Aristotelian distinction between the viewpoints of the agent and of the observer no longer applies because it was “overthrown” by Karl Marx. Prof. Dugin chose the wrong customer to sell his product to. Two decades ago I already critically examined this Marxist presumption and demonstrated its utter absurdity in my book <i><span style="color: black;">O Jardim das Aflições</span></i><span style="color: black;">,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12fd7a088a2bf051__ftnref3"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span> to which I refer those who are interested, relieving me from repeating here what I explained there. Karl Marx did not “overthrow” a thing; he just fabricated, under the name of praxis<i>,</i> a psychotic confusion between theory and practice, from which many intellectuals have not yet recovered. When Prof. Dugin brandishes this confusion before my eyes as if it were a truth definitely established—to the extent that in order to disarm his opponent it would sufficient to mention it in passing, without the need to even argue in its favor—, he is only demonstrating he has never examined it critically, limiting himself to incorporating it, as dogma, into his personal ideology. A sucker is born every minute, as P.T. Barnum already taught.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(6) Besides the obvious fact highlighted above, namely, that in order to take a position in a single contest it is necessary to stay neutral in a multitude of others—since the denial of all neutrality would bring with it the impossibility of taking a position—the fact remains that even in the mind of a particular agent, even if he is the most politically active and engaged one, the viewpoint of theoretical observation must remain formally distinct from the viewpoint of the planner of actions, or the agitator of the masses, that is, the agent must first be a neutral observer so that he might later act upon a situation that he has mastered intellectually. Prof. Dugin himself bears witness to this when, a few lines down, he confesses that: “<i>In my courses in the sociological faculty of Moscow State University, where I chair the department of the Sociology of International Relations, I never profess my own political views and I give always the full spectrum of the possible political interpretations of the facts, but I don’t insist on one concrete point of view, always stressing that there is a choice.</i>”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What is this if not a differently phrased reproduction of what I had said in my second message? Please read it again: “It is true that political agents may, over time, learn how to use certain instruments of scientific discourse for their own ends; it is also true that the scientific observer may have preferences for the politics of this or that agent. But this does nothing to alter the validity of the initial distinction: the discourse of the political agent aims to produce certain actions that favor his victory, while the discourse of the scientific observer seeks to obtain a clear view of what is at stake, by understanding the objectives and means of action of each of the agents, the general situation where the competition takes place, its most probable developments, and the meaning of such events in the larger picture of human existence.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In short: when Prof. Dugin speaks as a scientific observer, he tries to understand a given situation. When he speaks as an agent, he tries to promote actions which may lead to the victory of his party. And who, by Jupiter, does not do the same? The intellectual and verbal means of scientific observation are so different from the means of political action that the very efficacy of the latter requires a preliminary separation between the two viewpoints, a preparatory measure without which their subsequent application in the domain of practice would only bring about confusion, lies and endless self-deceit, as the history of the Marxist movement has demonstrated with evidence to spare.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If Prof. Dugin, in his academic activity, observes the same distinction that I do, he obviously does not believe in himself when he says that this distinction was “overthrown” by Karl Marx.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The sole difference that could exist between us in this case—and I say “could” because it does not necessarily have to exist—is that he assures us that, once a sufficiently clear description of the contending forces is obtained, that is, once the task of the scientific observer is completed, it is necessary to make a choice and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“<span style="color: black;">this choice is not only the freedom (sic) but <i>also the obligation (sic).</i> You are free to choose but <i>you are not free to choose not</i>.”</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Now, an obligation to take a position cannot be absolute. It is relative by definition. It is only valid if we accept that the scientific description is truthful, that it is the only possible one, or at least the most accurate of all, and that the contest it describes is so important, so vital for human destiny, that every refusal to take a position in it would be unforgivable cowardice. Come on, how many university professors can brag about having reached such a certain and definitive description of reality, such a precise equation of essential antagonisms that whoever listens to them is morally obliged to take a position according to the terms of the opposition they have defined? In my modest opinion, the only one who reached such a correct and final description was Our Lord Jesus Christ when He said that we had to choose between Him and the Prince of this World. University professors by and large project onto the audience the conflict that agitates itself in their souls, and only the more presumptuous among them proclaim it is the essential conflict of the world, towards which nobody has the right to remain neutral. The question then fatally arises: What if the description is false? If I disagree with the description, why should I take sides in a hypothetical conflict that exists only in the mind of my professor, and that does not correspond to the facts as I see them? Why would I not have the right to remain neutral between professorial hypotheses and to pick myself my own fight? Once more, neutrality reveals itself not only as possible, but as a necessary condition for taking a position.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prof. Dugin does not understand these subtleties. Resting on the infallible authority of Karl Marx, he sincerely expects the world to accept to play the game by his own rules and, without further ado, to enroll in one of the teams. For my part, I have better things to do. With no intention of offense I return my enrollment form—blank.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">7. Will to power</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The will to power permeates the human nature in its depths. The distance evoked by Mr. Carvalho is ontologically impossible. Plato and Aristotle were both<i> politically engaged </i>not only in practice but also in theory.</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (1) Prof. Dugin claims to be the apostle of the Absolute, of Tradition, of the Spirit, but he cannot be that at all since he decrees the primacy of the political and denies the autonomy (or even the possibility) of contemplative life, reducing it to an instrument or camouflage of the “will to power.” The hypothesis that St. Theresa, for example, in contemplating Our Lord Jesus Christ was “doing politics” or exerting the “will to power” reflects the same aforementioned confusion [6(1) e 6(2)] between a most remote participation and a quantitative equality.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (2) Having this confusion been undone, it is not true that “Plato and Aristotle were both<i> politically engaged </i>not only in practice but also in theory.” Plato explains in his Seventh Letter that he decided to dedicate himself to philosophy precisely after he became disillusioned with politics. That his philosophy could have had later political developments does not imply that it was itself political activism, just as Prof. Dugin is not engaged in political activism when describing a political situation, as he himself confirms it. As for Aristotle, his foreign status automatically prevented him from participating in Athenian politics in any way, and throughout the works he bequeathed us his positions are so prudent and moderate, that is, so politically neutral, that they were able to equally inspire the most diverse politics, from St. Thomas Aquinas to Karl Marx.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (3) The appeal to “will to power” as a universal explanatory key is highly meaningful. This Nietzschean topos comes back on the scene every time someone wishes to deter us from seeking a rational solution for human conflicts and to invite us to participate in redemptive bloodshed. Prof. Dugin does not hide that this is exactly his goal. But in order to achieve it, he needs to incur once more into the unpardonable confusion between proportional participation and quantitative identity. Are all human acts permeated by “will to power”? Certainly. But to what degree? And what is the proportion between this motivational force and the other forces involved? When you have sex with your wife, there is certainly a tiny amount of will to power at play. But if it predominates over will to pleasure, affection, the impulse to please the beloved one, etc., then that will not be an act of licit sex anymore, but rape. Ask your wife whether she cannot tell the difference. The apology of “will to power” as the ultimate explanation of human acts is not a valid description of reality; it is not even a theory: it is a morbid projection, in phony theoretical language, of a compulsion to extinguish all other human motivations, especially love and the will to knowledge. It is no surprise that the inventor of this contraption was a poor wretch, with no money, with no prestige, with not even a girlfriend, forced to have recourse to prostitutes who ended up infecting him with syphilis, which made him insane and eventually killed him. It was no coincidence that the second explanatory key in which he placed his bet was… resentment.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">8. Eurasianism and communism</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">8.<i> “The photos that I attached to my first message, by way of a humorous synthesis, document all the difference between the political agent invested with global plans and means of action of imperial scale and the scientific observer not only divested of both, but firmly decided to reject them and to live without them until the end of his days, since they are unnecessary and inconvenient to the mission in life that he has chosen and that is for him the only reasonable justification for his existence.”</i> The indignity demonstrated a little above against “Russian-Chinese” poles and completely ridiculous identification between the Eurasianism and the communism is the bright testimony of the extreme partiality of Mr. Carvalho. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I have never “identified” Eurasianism with communism, at least not from the ideological point of view, though I include both in the category of revolutionary movements, in the precise meaning I give to this expression.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Yet, politics is not a mere confrontation of ideologies. It is a contest for power between well defined and concrete human groups. Prof. Dugin will not be cynical enough to deny that the group currently in power in Russia is the same that dominated the country at the time of communism. Substantially, that group is the KGB (or FSB, whose periodical change of name has never changed the nature of the institution). What is worse, it is the KGB with its power monstrously amplified: on one hand, if in the communist regime there was one police agent for every 400 citizens, today there is something like one for every 200, which unmistakably characterizes Russia as a police state; on the other, the allotment of state properties among the agents and collaborators of the political police, who became “oligarchs” overnight without breaking their bonds of subjection to the KGB, provides this entity with the privilege to act in the West under several layers of disguise, with a freedom of movement that would have been unthinkable at the time of Stalin or Khrushchev.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Ideologically, Eurasianism is different from communism. It is, as Jeffrey Nyquist said, “right-wing Bolshevism”. Yet ideology, as Karl Marx himself defined it, is just a “dress of ideas” concealing a scheme of political power. The scheme of political power in Russia has changed its dress, but continues to be the same—maintaining the same people in the same positions, performing the same functions, with the same totalitarian ambitions as ever.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There is no partiality in saying the obvious.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">9. Counting corpses</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The evaluation of the major global forces is based on the presumption of the scale that could be taken as the measure – the quantity of humans killed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Huh? And what is it that differentiates a personal misfortune from a global tragedy if not the number of victims? This is no “presumption;” it is the very definition of the terms being used. “Genocide” is the systematic annihilation of an ethnic, political, or religious community. “Democide” is the extermination of a civilian population by initiative of its own government. Period. If the number of human beings murdered does not serve as a measure of the gravity of a genocide or democide, why then should we distinguish between the Holocaust and any individual homicide committed by an isolated racist, with no power of government? What’s more: if the amount of victims does not make any difference, how can one tell apart a serial killer from the author of a single crime? What, then, is to be done with the notion of recidivism, which universal jurisprudence proclaims to be an aggravating factor for crime? Could jurists of all times and countries have been mistaken in raising penalties according to number of crimes?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> It is no coincidence that those guilty of the greatest genocides and democides are always the ones who try, in a paroxysm of rhetorical desperation, to throw mud in the water, by appealing to the absurd and insulting argument that numbers do not make any difference.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Prof. Dugin goes even a bit farther: he places the term “genocide” between attenuating quotation marks when referring to the murder of <i>140 million unarmed civilians</i> by the governments of Russia and China, but he uses the same term without any quotes—thus denoting literal and precise meaning— when he talks about the deaths which occurred <i>in combat</i> during American interventions in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya, and which are incomparably smaller in number.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> That is a complete inversion of all sense of proportion, an insane logorrhea of one who, having no argument, desperately tries to bewilder the audience to prevent it from seeing the bare and crude reality.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">10. Dugin contra Dugin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is not so evident and is rather example of political anti-communist and anti-Russian propaganda than the result of “scientific analysis”. Yes, I am political agent of Eurasian <i>Weltanschauung</i>. At the same time I am political analyst and scientist. The two aspects don’t correspond fully. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK11"></a>In my courses in the sociological faculty of Moscow State University, where I chair the department of the Sociology of International Relations, I never profess my own political views and I give always the full spectrum of the possible political interpretations of the facts, but I don’t insist on one concrete point of view, always stressing that there is a choice. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">As I have commented above, Prof. Dugin demonstrates here, through his own example, that it is not possible to understand a political situation, and much less to efficiently act upon it, without first observing the Platonic-Aristotelian distinction between the viewpoint of the observer and that of the agent, a distinction to which, a few lines before, he had denied any validity. Even when the observer and the agent are synthesized in the same person, the perspectives from which that person looks at the facts must remain formally distinct and unconfusable. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">11. The duty to choose</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">At the same time this choice is not only the freedom but <i>also the obligation.</i> You are free to choose but <i>you are not free to chose not</i>. There is never such a thing as political or ideological “neutrality”. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We now return to the issue of being forced to choose. The right to choose does not mean a thing if it does not also imply the right to choose between the various proposals of choice. Why would we have the obligation to choose precisely between the alternatives offered by Prof. Dugin, without being able to propose different alternatives, or a different set of possible choices? Prof. Dugin himself, with exemplary candor, exercises this very right that he denies to others. “National-Bolsheviks [in whose name he speaks in this passage] affirm objective idealism…and objective materialism…, refusing to choose between them.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Only God has the right to impose the ultimate, final, unappealable choice upon us. “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">He that is not with me is against me,” and “He that gathereth not with me scattereth,” said the Lord. <span style="color: black;"> Since then His apish satanic imitators have not stopped pretending to have in their hands the definitive, obligatory choice, crystallized in a macabre dualism. I could not show the absurdity of this better than Otto Maria Carpeaux did I in a memorable essay on Shakespeare, which summarizes the issue:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“For years European consciousness was mistreated by the supposed obligation of choosing between Hitler and Stalin—“there is no other alternative!” Then, they wished to force the world’s consciousness to choose between Stalin and Foster Dulles—“there is no other alternative!” And now and everywhere they continue to impose these alternatives upon us, which are so similar to the absurd fight between the two Houses of Montague and Capulet, which is the true theme of <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>…It is this truth which Mercutio recognizes in that extreme lucidity of the hour of agony, shouting —and we shout with him: <i>A plague o’ both your houses</i>!, and amen.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If there are three houses instead of two, may the plague come threefold. No Duginism in the world can force me to choose between the Syndicate, the Caliphate, or the Russian-Chinese Empire. But Prof. Dugin even simplifies things for me, by synthesizing the latter two in the Eurasian Empire, reducing the alternatives to the good old dualism of the Montagues and the Capulets, and trying to make us wear a straitjacket of obligatory choice. <i>A plague o’ both your houses!</i> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">12. Arms</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So it is quite erroneous to present Mr. Carvalho himself as “neutral” and “impartial” and myself as “engaged” and “ideologically motivated”. We are both ideologically engaged and scientifically involved. So I continue to regard our photos not as “professor vs the warrior” but rather two “professors/warriors vs each other”. Finally in the arms of Mr. Carvalho is a gun. Not a cross, for example. By the way, there are some photos of myself bearing a big orthodox cross during religious ceremonies. So, that would illustrate nothing. Our religions are different as our civilizations are.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is certain that both of us appear in the photos holding guns, but what guns? Mine is a hunting shotgun, which may occasionally be used for home defense, but which is normally used for sport and, in my case, has served eminently (see new photo) to kill snakes before they bite my smaller dogs (not the big one, which eats them thinking they are moving sausages). Prof. Dugin’s guns, on the other hand, are war weapons reserved for the exclusive use of governments, created specifically to kill human beings (nobody has ever hunted snakes or armadillos with bazookas or tanks). Moreover, this kind of weapon was not designed to kill one or two people, but rather to kill them wholesale, by the hundreds, by the thousands. How can he say that this difference “does not illustrate anything”? Is there really no difference between self-defense and mass murder?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">13. Dugin contra Dugin (2)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Both professor Dugin and I are performing our respective tasks with utmost dedication, seriousness and honesty. But these tasks are not one and the same. His task is to recruit soldiers for the battle against the West and for the establishment of the universal Eurasian Empire. Mine is to attempt to understand the political situation of the world so that my readers and I are not reduced to the condition of blind men caught in the gunfire of the global combat; so that we are not dragged by the vortex of History like leaves in a storm, without ever knowing whence we came or whither we are being carried.”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> I agree here in one point. It is true that “to recruit soldiers for the battle against the West and for the establishment of the universal Eurasian Empire” is my goal. But it is possible only after having achieved the correct vision of the world global situation based on the accurate analysis of the balance of forces and main actors. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Once more Prof. Dugin confirms, after having denied it, the formal and indispensable distinction between the viewpoint of the scientific observer and that of the political agent.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">14. The difference between us</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So up to this moment Mr. Carvalho and myself we have the strictly one and the same task. If our understanding of the leading world forces and their identification differs that doesn’t mean automatically that I am motivated exclusively by political and geopolitical choice and himself by the “neutral”, purely “scientific” reasoning. We are both trying to understand the world we live in, and I presume that we both are doing it honestly. But our conclusions don’t fit. I wonder why and try to find deeper reasons than simply the obvious fact of my own ideological and political involvement. We both want to make our world better and not worse. But we both have different visions of what is the Good and Evil. And I wonder where lies difference. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The difference is the following: after having taken positions on issues with that indecent hurry of youth, I soon climbed down over my views and spent thirty years—not thirty days—struggling with my own doubts, among countless perplexities, without being able to bring myself to make common cause with anything, except in an experimental and provisional way. I only resumed expressing my political opinions at 48 years of age, after having reached some conclusions that seemed reasonable to me, and even so, I have always warned people about the possibility that I might be wrong. Prof. Dugin has never been in doubt for even a single day: he took side with National Bolshevism when he was very young, and has hitherto remained faithful to the same program, now amplified as Eurasianism. He simply did not go through that period of <i>real</i> abstinence of opinions which is absolutely necessary to the education of a serious intellectual.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">15. The difference between us (2)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I believe it is rather the result of the divergence of the mutual civilizations; we have respectively different ontologies, anthropologies and sociologies. So the culpabilization and demonization of each other is the result of the necessary mutual “<i>ethnocentric</i>” positions and not the final arguments for the choice of lesser evil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Absolutely wrong. As we will see later, Prof. Dugin’s mind was molded much more by Western intellectuality than by any Eastern spiritual tradition, while one of my main formative influences was Swami Dayananda Saraswati, director of the Academy of Vedic Studies of Bombay.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> After that experience, I still allowed myself to be imbued with orientalism, to the point of becoming the author of Islamic studies that won an award from the government of Saudi Arabia. The difference between us lies in our personal intellectual experience, not in our “civilizations.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">16. Anesthetic quotes</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“He employs all the usual instruments of political propaganda: Manichean simplification, defamatory labeling, perfidious insinuation, the phony indignation of a culprit pretending to be a saint and, last, not least, the construction of the great Sorelian myth – or self-fulfilling prophecy – which, while pretending to describe reality, builds in the air an agglutinating symbol in hopes that the false may become true by the massive adherence of the audience.”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Stressing the presumed fact of the communist Russian-Chinese “genocide” Mr. Carvalho does exactly the same game of the pure political propaganda playing on the false humanitarian sensibility of the Western audience, not remarking, by the way, the real, existing here and now, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK2"></a>massive and planned genocide conducted in Afghanistan, Iraq or Libya by American bloody murders. [<i>sic</i>]</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I have already explained above the monstrous falsity of that comparison, which is based on a complete inversion of the sense of proportion. The slaughter of 140 million of their unarmed fellow citizens does not turn the rulers of Russia and China into genocidal murderers, except when the word genocide is placed in paternally cushioning quotation marks. However, the total of deaths of soldiers in combat, two thousand times less numerous, is “massive and planned genocide conducted by American bloody murders [<i>sic</i>]”. No quotation marks in the original.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">17. A</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> question of style</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I imitate here the very “scientific” style of polemic imposed by Mr. Carvalho. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What a farce! Prof. Dugin has already been calling Americans “bloody murderers” for many years now, and he has never needed my literary incentive to do so. Moreover, the scientific character of a text does not reside in the politeness or impoliteness of its style, but rather in the substance of its arguments. Prof. Dugin himself accepts as scientific the writings of Karl Marx, whose style is a thousand times more violent than mine and, in addition to that, devoid of that humoristic attenuation which is never lacking in what I write.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">18. My stupid opinion</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Of course, I do not say that Professor Dugin is dishonest. But he is honestly devoting himself to a kind of combat that, by definition and ever since the world began, has been the embodiment par excellence of dishonesty.»</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> This thesis I find really stupid. I don't affirm that Mr. Carvalho is stupid himself, no way, but I feel sincerely that the usurpation of the right of global moral judgment in such affairs as what is «honest» or «dishonest» fits perfectly into the old tradition of extreme stupidity. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (1) To begin with, the opinion that politics, by and large, is the realm of impostors and crooks is the same as that illustrated by Shakespeare in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> and other plays; therefore my stupidity is at least grounded in an illustrious historical precedent that certainly does not legitimatize it, but, in any case, ennobles it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (2) Yet, what is most fascinating in this passage is that Prof. Dugin suddenly emerges speaking as a mouthpiece for radical cultural relativism, the latest and prettiest offshoot of the Western modernism he says he hates with all of his strength.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> It is useless to demand consistency from a man who makes a profession of faith in militant irrationalism,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">but only for the benefit of myself and my readers I ask how Prof. Dugin can possibly reconcile the non-existence of universal moral norms with his publicly expressed Christian belief in the universal validity of the Ten Commandments.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (3) It should be noted that even though he qualifies my opinion as “stupid,” he does not even try to show why it is stupid. This adjective, he supposes, should make proof of itself. Once stamped as stupid, my opinion automatically becomes stupid by the mere power of the rubber-stamp. According to Aristotle, this manner of speaking that pretends that a proposition is obvious, universally acknowledged, and in the public domain, when in fact it is none of those things, is the very definition of <i>eristic</i> or contentious argumentation, the false rhetoric of demagogues and deceivers. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Again (c), reasoning is eristic if it starts <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="32"></a>from opinions that seem to be generally accepted, but are not really such.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">19. Judgement by guesswork</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So being really clever and smart, Mr. Carvalho consciously supplies very stupid argument in order to be nearer to the American right «Christian» public he tries to influence. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Again, Prof. Dugin’s judgment about me is pure guesswork; he does not have the least idea of what my real activities are. I have never sought to influence the American right, though I do not exclude the possibility of trying to do it one day, if it seems convenient to me. I have only addressed that audience when invited, on rare and sporadic occasions. All my work as professor, writer, and lecturer is directed to the Brazilian public, through articles published in the São Paulo press, a radio program in Portuguese, and weekly classes (also in Portuguese) for the 3,000 students of my online course, <i>Philosophy Seminar</i>. The recently founded Inter-American Institute has as its goal the congregation of intellectuals of the three Americas for the exchange of information and opinion. It is not a militant or a propaganda organization, although it may and must make moral pronouncements in extreme cases, such as the imprisonment of one of our fellows in Venezuela. In fact, the Institute is so indifferent to all “Westernist” politics that it counts, among its first fellows, Dr. Ahmed Youssif El-Tassa, a Muslim who lives in China.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (2) The reiterated use of pejorative quotation marks, characteristic of a crude, second-rate literary style, turns up here to deny, by a mere graphic artifice, that American Christians are Christians. Now, as for Prof. Dugin, who openly denies the universality of the Ten Commandments through his relativistic profession of faith, make no mistake that he is a genuine Christian.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">20. Reality was invented in the Middle Ages</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">And one philosophic point: <i>“Yet, the millennial philosophical technique, which those people totally ignore, teaches that the definitions of terms express only general and abstract essences, logical possibilities and not realities.”</i> The question what reality is and how it corresponds to the “definitions” or “ideas” differs considerably in various philosophical schools. The term itself “reality” is based on the Latin word “res”, “re”, “thing”. But that word fails in Greek. By Aristotle there is no such word – he speaks about <i>pragma</i> (deed), <i>energeia</i>, but mostly about <i>on</i>, the being. So the “reality” as something independent (or partly dependent – in Berkley, for example) from the mind is Western post-Medieval concept and not something universal. </span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) Absolutely wrong. The non-existence of a word in a certain language does not automatically make the corresponding concept unthinkable to the speakers of this language, since the concept may also be expressed in paraphrases, symbols, or mathematical formulae, or even remain implicit. For native tongues to effectively limit the cognitive possibilities of their speakers, as claimed by the unfortunate Benjamin L. Whorf, it would be necessary to demonstrate first that they are incapable of drawing, building, imitating by gestures, making music, dancing, etc. If the stock of words could limit the stock of perceptions and ideas, each person would only be able to perceive things whose names he had already known in advance, and babies would be unable to correctly use pacifiers before they could pronounce the word “pacifier.” The universe abounds not only with nameless things, but also with nameless ideas. I challenge Prof. Dugin, for example, to find a word in Portuguese or Russian that names the concept which I have just expressed in the last sentence. This word does not exist, whence one concludes, according to the criterion of Prof. Dugin, that the aforementioned sentence was never thought, nor written, nor read.</span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) It is true that the term <i>realitas</i>, <i>realitatis</i>, only appeared in Medieval Latin, as derivative from the Ancient Latin <i>res, rei</i>. This latter term, usually translated as “thing,” already has in classical Latin the meaning of “all that is, or somehow exists.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Since the time of Cicero it has served as one of the possible translations of the Greek word <i>on</i>, “being.” The term <i>realitas</i>, therefore, brings nothing new, designating only the quality of being <i>res</i>. To imagine, based upon a precarious knowledge of Latin, that nobody had known of the existence of a being independent of the human mind until medieval vocabulary moved the term <i>res</i> from the substantive class to the category of quality is the same as to suppose that nobody had noticed the existence of the virile force before the term “virility” was invented. Why, why, <i>porca miseria,</i> does Prof. Dugin compel me to explain to him these things which he could well have asked his Latin teacher in school?</span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(3) For Plato, the Ideas or Forms are objectively existing beings, independent of the human mind. For Aristotle, the same applies to the universal principles of ontology and the objects of physical nature. The so-called “realism of Ideas” is such an essential component of Platonism that practically no Plato scholar has ever questioned it.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> I do not need to recommend to Prof. Dugin some years of study of a Platonic bibliography of oceanic dimensions, from Diogenes Laertius to Giovanni Reale. I do not even need to remind him of Plato’s persistent combat against sophistic doctrines that made truth a servant of human will.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">A simple reading of the most famous passage of <i>The</i> <i>Symposium</i> is enough to show the magnitude of his error. The Ideas are defined there as “everlasting—not growing and decaying, or waxing and waning.”</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">What does this have to do with the human psyche which, dependent on the senses, is therefore marked by mutability and inconstancy? Giovanni Reale sums it up: “Ideas are repeatedly qualified by Plato as the true being, being in itself, stable and eternal being.”</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">In the <i>Phaedo, </i>Plato contrasts the stable eternity of Ideas with the inconstancy of the human mind, which seeks to get closer to them “through questions and answers,” without ever being able to completely apprehend them.</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Independent of the human mind are, for Plato, not only the eternal Ideas, but even the phenomena of the physical world that illustrate them before our eyes: “God devised and bestowed upon us vision to the end that we might behold the revolutions of Reason in the Heaven and use them for the revolving of the reasoning that is within us.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The visible heaven is not only external to the human mind, but superior to it to the point of serving as its measure and model, helping it overcome its inconstancy and fallibility through the contemplation of a natural symbol of the eternal ideas.</span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">A good account of the Platonic studies throughout the times is <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK20"></a><i>Images de Platon et Lectures de Ses Oeuvres</i>, by Ada Neschke-Hentschke,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">in which twenty scholars review the most renowned interpretations of Platonism, from Antiquity through the<sup> </sup>twentieth century. Look it up: you will not find a single interpretation denying the existence of the “realism of Ideas.” But, in fact, in order to understand this, Prof. Dugin does not even have to read anything. He has but to type in “Plato’s realism” on Google, and he will get 1.960.000 hits. How many people are discussing something that according to Prof. Dugin does not exist!</span></span></div><div class="atitle-head-h" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is subjective idealism, which reduces everything or almost everything to projections of the human mind, thus going far beyond sophistical relativism or <i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: normal;">Pyrrhonian skepticism, that is the truly modern phenomenon—unknown to Ancient Greece. This is another point that historians of philosophy have never questioned.</span></i></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">21. Reality and concept</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Different cultures don't know what “the reality” means. It is a concept, nothing else. A concept among many others. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Reality cannot be a concept because, meaning “all that is,” it is the total realm of experience, open and therefore irreducible to any concept, the realm within which men exist and produce concepts (besides sausages, cars, poems, crimes, laws, etc.). If reality were but a concept, we would not be able to exist within it and would need to use some other name— “universe,” “world,” “being,” “totality,” or whatever one wishes—to designate that which transcends, encompasses, and contains us. Perhaps the word “reality” is not the best one for this, but the intentional content at which it points, lying behind a variety of words and symbols that point at the same thing, is universally clear. Prof. Dugin here commits the classical error of psychologism, so well analyzed by Husserl, which consists in mistaking thought for the thing thought of, attributing to the latter the limitations of the former.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> For example, when we think “universe,” this thought has some positive content, but we know immediately—or we should—that the real universe infinitely transcends this content. This capacity to subjugate thought to the consciousness concerning the unthinkable, or extra-thinkable, or supra-thinkable, is in all epochs and cultures the mark of sound human intelligence—which Henri Bergson called the “open soul,” in opposition to the “closed soul” which only acknowledges the existence of what it thinks. Open souls are Confucius and Lao-Tse, Plato and Aristotle, Ibn ‘Arabi and Rûmi, Shânkara and Râmana Maharshi, Soloviev and Berdiaev. Closed souls are Spinoza and Rousseau, Kant and Fichte, Marx and Lenin, Mao and Pol-Pot, in short, all revolutionaries.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">22. Intellectual racism</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Thus, to impose it as something universal and ostensive is a kind of intellectual «racism». </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Every charge of racism, whether in quotes or not, presupposes the equal dignity of all races, which is a universal concept founded on the general uniformity of human nature. The denial of the universal identity of human nature in the name of the diversity of races and cultures would set them as the insurmountable limit of all human knowledge, automatically justifying, for example, the incommensurability between a “Jewish science” and an “Arian science,” and thus leading to the most stupid and truculent racism. <i>Tertium non datur</i>: either there is a universal human nature, or nothing can be argued against racism except in the name of a cultural convention that, on its turn, cannot rationally allege anything against strange or adverse cultures which may have opposite conventions.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">23. Absolute and relative relativism</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Before speaking of the “reality” we need to study carefully the concrete culture, civilization, ethnos and language. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Yes, of course, but we need not to fall into the snare of taking mere cultural facts as epistemological norms. The simple possibility of studying comparatively various cultures presupposes the universality of the criterion of comparison. Yet, whenever this criterion is impugned by empirical data, one will recognize it was not as universal as it should have been—or as was initially supposed. Precisely because of that, the criterion will need to be corrected. This is the exact opposite of denying the possibility of a universal criterion. For a science cannot study different cultures and at the same time proclaim that it is doing so based on cultural prejudices devoid of any scientific foundation. Relativism is, by definition, relative, that is, limited.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">24. Absolute and relative relativism (2)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Sapir/Whorf rule and the tradition of the cultural anthropology of F. Boaz and structural anthropology of C. Levy-Strauss teach us to be very careful with the words that have full and evident meaning only in the concrete context. The Russian culture or the Chinese society have different understandings of «reality», «facts», «nature», «object». The corresponding words have their own meaning.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> We go back to the same point: either cultural relativism is relative, or no comparison between cultures is possible. If, say, among different images of elephants, images which are documented in various cultures, we cannot discern a common structure and its reference to a certain animal that exists in nature— an animal which was not invented by any of those cultures—, how can we compare these images and say that different cultures have different ideas about elephants? By definition, every comparison between points of view presupposes a comparative grid that encompasses all of them and cannot bereduced to any of them.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">25. Subject and object</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The subject/object dualism is rather a specific feature of the West. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK22"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK21"></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> What nonsense! No oriental doctrine has ever denied this dualism as a datum of experience, a datum, by the way, implicit in the simple fact that we do not know everything that is around us. Actually, what some doctrines did was to deny absolute validity to dualism on the plane of metaphysical universality. I say “some doctrines” because even the most extreme proponent of the doctrine of Absolute Unity, Mohieddin Ibn ‘Arabi, acknowledged an insurmountable residual dualism between the soul and God, as a requirement resulting from Divine love itself.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">26. Logical essence</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The «logic essence» is the other purely Western concept. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There are the other philosophies with different conceptual structures – Islamic, Hindu, Chinese. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> To say that “‘logic essence’ is a purely Western concept” amounts to saying that, outside the West, nobody has ever been able to distinguish between the content of mere idea (its logic essence) and the real nature of a being ( its real or ontological essence). Oh, how dumb these Orientals should be in order for Prof. Dugin’s statement to be worth something! And yet he says that I am the one who is offending them.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 3pt; page-break-after: avoid;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">27. Existence and proof</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.55pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“From a definition it is never possible to deduce that the defined thing does exist.”</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To prove the existence is not an easy task. Heidegger’s philosophy and before him Husserlian phenomenology tried to approach the “existence” as such with problematic success. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (1) Prof. Dugin here falls into a gross confusion between being aware of existence and explaining it. If we could not be aware of it, the desire to explain it would never occur to us. This applies to both existence in general and the existing objects. As for the former, I believe I cannot add anything to the words of Louis Lavelle: “There is an initial experience which is implicit in all others and which provides each one of them with its gravity and depth: it is the experience of the presence of being. To acknowledge this presence is to acknowledge, in the same act, the participation of the self in being.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Without this basic experience, no other one is possible, and it would be an unthinkable foolishness to try to make the awareness of the presence of being depend upon the possession of a “proof.” Existence is an initial datum, not a subject of proof. No proof of anything would be possible, as Mário Ferreira dos Santos taught, without the initial admission that “something exists” or “there is something”.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (2) It is also silly to say that Husserl or Heidegger tried to “prove existence.” In order to save the honor of Prof. Dugin, which would be much tarnished by his saying such a thing, I even put forward the hypothesis that his translator might have mistaken the English verb “probe” for “prove,” writing “prove” where he should have written “probe”. Neither Husserl nor Heidegger ever tried to “prove existence.” What they did was <i>to probe</i> existence. Leibniz already said that the fundamental question of all philosophical investigation is: “Why is there something, rather than nothing?”. Note well: “why” and not “if.” If nothing ever existed, nothing would be ever investigated. The existence of existence cannot be an object of doubt or investigation; but one may investigate or doubt its causes, its foundations, its reason for being, its forms, its structure, and so forth.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> As for the existence of this or that being in particular, being aware of them is also a precondition for seeking any explanation.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">28. Stage-play</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">28. <i>“In order to do this, it is necessary to break the shell of the definition and analyze the conditions required for the existence of the thing. If these conditions do not reveal themselves to be </i>self<i>-contradictory, excluding in limine the possibility of existence, even then this existence is not proved. In order to arrive at that proof, it is necessary to gather from the world of experience factual data that not only corroborate the existence, but that confirm its full agreement with the defined essence, excluding the possibility that the existing thing is something very different, which coincides with the essence only in appearance.”</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> It is a kind of positivist approach completely dismissed by the structuralism and late Wittgenstein. It is philosophically ridiculous or too naïve statement. But all these considerations are details with no much importance. The whole text of Carvalho is so full of such pretentious and incorrect (or fully arbitrary) affirmations that I can not follow it any more. It is rather boring. I'd rather come to the essential point.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (1) This is not an argument; it is mere stage-play. It is name-dropping and feigning superiority as a pretext to evade a discussion that one is shamefully losing. What I described in the paragraph quoted by Dugin is an elementary precept of scientific methodology that—at least since there is no other to substitute for it— continues to be used in all laboratories and research institutes of the world, which could not care less about what Wittgenstein, Lévi-Strauss, Boas, Whorf, Sapir, and <i>tutti quanti </i>think. Note that, exactly as he did with the latter three authors, Prof. Dugin did not make the least effort to defend the opinions of the former two. He did not even say what their opinions were. He did not present or summarize them; he did not even point at where they could be found. He limited himself to indicating them vaguely, fleetingly, by adding footnotes containing a few titles of books, but making no reference to page numbers. After he had done so, he took all of those opinions to be so infallible and demonstrated as if suggesting that whoever does not accept them <i>in totum</i> and without discussion is automatically disqualified for the debate and does not even deserve any comment. Who cannot see that this is not philosophy, not argumentation, but rather a grotesque attempt at intimidation through the appeal to authorities who are taken as so incontestable and so universally accepted that it is not even necessary to repeat what they say, for simply mentioning their names is taken to be enough to instill immediately in the poor interlocutor the most pious and genuflecting sentiment of reverential awe? This is not even an <i>argumentum auctoritatis, </i>but rather a caricature of one<i>. </i>This is, as Aristotle would say, taking “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">opinions that seem to be generally accepted, but are not really such” as premises.<span style="color: black;"> It is eristic at its most ignoble, abject, and contemptible.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Note that some lines above [20(3)], I relied on an interpretation of Plato that is indeed a millennially established unanimity— and whose knowledge is in fact mandatory to every philosophy student—, but not even then did I allow myself to the privilege of taking that interpretation as so universally accepted so as to exempt me from producing proof of what I had said. I summarized the interpretation, provided exact primary and secondary textual sources, and argued in favor of it in a way that all could understand what I was talking about and then judge by themselves whether I was right or wrong. Prof. Dugin, on the other hand, would not take the trouble of doing this: he simply alluded to half a dozen names in passing and moved on, inflating his chest, simulating superiority, and throwing contempt on his half-cocked and uncultured adversary, who is not even deserving of explanations about such obvious and eminently-known things. What a comedy!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) Prof. Dugin, in believing that anything that these folks have “dismissed” is automatically excluded from the decent intellectual universe, reveals an uncritical, and indeed fanatical submission to the <i>crème de la crème</i> of the relativist, structuralist, and deconstructionist modern Western intellectuality which, from that traditionalist perspective he claims to be his own, should not and could not have any authority at all.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Beset by an adversary to whom he does not know what to answer, the apostle of Orthodox Christianity divests himself of his religious garb and suddenly begins to speak like a Parisian intellectual or an editor of <i>Social Text</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(3) In all erudite debate, it is basic and essential to distinguish between that which is still under discussion and that which can be taken as presupposed by reason of its universal acceptance and its being a part of the usual academic education. Without a common ground of shared superior culture, no discussion is possible. The basic data of the history of philosophy are the most typical example of what I am talking about. No one can enter a philosophical debate without taking for granted that his opponent knows the essentials of Platonism, Aristotelianism, Scholasticism, Cartesianism, etc., and is able to distinguish, in the history of philosophy, between consensual points, established by a long tradition of studies, and problematic areas, still subject to investigation and discussion. Therefore, it is not tolerable that an academic debater, on the one hand, ignore the basic data of the history of Platonism and, on the other hand, take a few recent doctrines, quite disputed and impugned, as if they enjoyed universal and consensual acceptance, and as if going against them were a sign of ignorance and ineducation. Whence I can only conclude that Prof. Dugin’s education was very deficient as regards ancient philosophy and overladen with fashionable readings which made an impression upon him to the point of consolidating themselves on his mind as bearers of definitive conclusions—so definitive as the universal consensus of historians concerning Platonic realism or the modern origin of gnoseological subjectivism. It is difficult to discuss with a mind that inverts the proportions between the certain and the doubtful, by ignoring universally accepted premises and resorting to the authority of a non-existent consensus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(4) What is worse, the fellow does not even realize, or pretends not to, that all those presumed authorities he rubs on my nose with a triumphant air stand in the line of succession of the Kantian heritage which, according to him,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> is the supreme incarnation of Western perversity.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Since an impassable chasm of <i>a priori</i> forms was opened by<i> </i>Kant separating subject and object, the most typical and notorious Western thinkers have fallen prey to an obsessive passion for discovering some aprioristic constraint that, behind our backs, limits and molds the perception we have of the world. Each one of them seeks to widen that chasm by trying to prove we cannot know anything directly, that everything comes to us through deforming lenses, through an iron veil of previous interpretations that the illustrious author of each new theory, like a Kant redivivus, is the first to uncover. Large is the roster of discoverers of aprioristic constraints. I will confine myself to mentioning the most eye-catching ones. These constraints are not always <i>a priori</i> in a strict, Kantian, sense; some of them are formed in the course of experience. Yet, remaining unknown to all individual cognoscent subjects whose frame of knowledge they form and determine, they function as authentic <i>a priori</i> forms as regards the conscious cognitive acts performed by such poor unfortunate creatures. Here we go:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. Hegel says that the invisible laws of History supersede every individual consciousness (his own excepted, of course), so that when we believe to know something, we are in fact deluded: it is History who thinks, it is History who knows, it is History who, possessing the “cunning of reason,” moves us hither and thither, according to a secret plan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. Arthur Schopenhauer declares that individual consciousness lives in a world of illusion and that it is moved, unknowingly, by the force of the universal Will, which determines all for no reason at all.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. Karl Marx says that class ideology—a system of implicit beliefs which pervades with invisible omnipotence all the culture around us—pre-forms and deforms our worldview. Only the proletariat can tear this veil apart and see things as they are, since its class ideology, as it is not based on any interest to exploit its neighbors, coincides with objective reality.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">How it was possible that the first one to discover this objective reality was precisely Karl Marx himself, a bourgeois who only knew proletarians from a distance, is something he does not explain, and neither do I.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4. Dr. Freud says that our entire view of things is molded and deformed, from the earliest childhood, by virtue of the struggle between Id and Superego, so that what we understand as reality is generally no more than a projection of unconscious complexes, a distortion from which we can only free ourselves through several years of attending psychoanalytical sessions twice or thrice a week—which cost a fortune by the way.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5. Carl G. Jung says nobody has yet gotten to the real bottom of this issue. We are not separated from reality merely by the structure of our childhood psyche, but also by cognitive schemes remounting to the dawn of time—the “archetypes of the collective unconsciousness.” The Jungian path to liberation, offering no guarantee of success, goes through some decades devoted to the study of mythology, comparative religions, alchemy, magic, astrology, you name it. The only difference between Jung and the other delvers into “<i>a priori</i> forms” is that, in his last years, he at least had the manliness to recognize that he no longer understood a thing, and that only God knows the answers.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6. John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner say that individual consciousness does not even exist; it is a false impression created by the mechanical interplay of conditioned reflexes.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">7. Alfred Korzybski and Benjamin L. Whorf say that we only imagine to know reality, but unfortunately “Aristotelian prejudices” embedded in the structure of our language, and deeply ingrained in our subconscious, preclude us from seeing things as they are.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">8. Ludwig Wittgenstein says that we know next to nothing about reality; all we do is to go from one “language game” to the next, having hardly any control, if any, over what we do.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">9. Lévi-Strauss says that when we intend to know the external world and act as masters of ourselves, we are but unconsciously following structural rules embedded in society, culture, family order, language, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">10. Michel Foucault goes all out and says that human beings do not even think: They “are thought” by language, having no active say in the matter.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">11. Jacques Derrida’s deconstructionism puts the last nail on the coffin of the cognitive pretensions of human consciousness, by swearing that nothing we say refers to data of the external world, since all human discourse only points to another discourse, which, in its turn, points to yet another, and so on and so forth; thus the universe of human cognition is beset on all sides by a wall of words with no extra-verbal meaning whatsoever.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Do I need to say more? Whoever knows the standard universe of readings assigned to philosophy students nowadays, in Europe or in the Americas, will recognize that these eleven stages—and their many intermediaries—describe the most influential line of evolution of Western thought in the last 200 years. Well, we observe in this line a pronounced trait of uniformity: the general and increasingly ostensible proclamation of the inanity of individual consciousness, its ever more complete submission to anonymous and unconscious forces that determine and set limits to it on all sides. So many are the aprioristic determinants, such is their force, and so high are the walls they raise between the knowing subject and the known object, that it is startling that, with so many metaphysical, gnoseological, sociological, anthropological, and linguistic handicaps, the poor human individual is still capable of noticing that cows give milk and chickens lay eggs.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Based upon these findings we can raise some questions:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. Faced with such a general and implacable assault launched against individual consciousness on behalf of impersonal and collective factors, how much chutzpah or how much ignorance does it take for a person to continue to proclaim that “individualism” is the defining feature of modern Western culture?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. How can this fellow openly declare his hatred of the Kantian heritage and at the same time rely on it, by taking it as an absolute and unappealable authority that dispenses with the need for arguments and whose mere mention is supposed to be enough to shut his opponent’s mouth? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. How can this strange sort of mind conciliate its avowed horror of the “separation of subject and object” with the devout confidence it places in those doctrines that most emphasized this separation, to the point of denying the human individual every and any access to universal and even particular truths?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">According to Aristotle, human beings have a natural gift for knowing the truth, a gift which is only hindered by accidental factors, or forced deprivations. According to those illustrious discoverers of “<i>a priori</i> forms,” precisely the opposite is the case: knowing the truth is a rare and exceptional event that, on the most hopeful hypothesis, may have happened to them, the pioneer uncoverers of forbidding veils, but which could never happen to the rest of the human species. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">A phenomenon which has always caught my attention is the fact that the governments of some of the most powerful nations on Earth have always strived so hard and spent so much money on research aimed at creating technical means to subjugate and enslave something so insignificant and defenseless, according to those masters, as individual human consciousness. Why put so much effort into debilitating and subjugating that which, by itself, can do nothing and can know nothing? Pavlov dogs, behaviorist control, Chinese brain-washing, MK-Ultra, Kurt Levin’s social and psychological engineering, neuro-linguistic programming—the list could go on forever. The plain observation of the grotesque contrast between the alleged debility of the victim and the magnitude of the resources mobilized to tame it is enough to show that there is something wrong with all philosophies of the aprioristic determinant, that is, with the whole intellectual lineage of the legitimate and bastard children of Immanuel Kant. The appeal to this lineage made by Prof. Dugin, with the devotion of a believer, only shows that, in his effort to intimidate his opponent, he feels no shame in resorting to the most inept, contradictory, and inconsistent resources.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I sincerely hope that he acting like this out of Machiavellian posturing, because if he really believes in this whole kaleidoscope of incongruities, we are facing a case of “delusional interpretation” to a degree never before envisioned by the discoverers of this pathology. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">29. Oh, how hateful I am!</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The text of Mr. Carvalho breaths with the deep <i>hatred</i>. It is a kind of resentment (in the Nietzsche sense) that gives him a peculiar look. The hatred is in itself fully legitimate. If we can't hate, we can't love. Indifference is much worse. So the hatred that tears Mr. Carvalho apart is to be praised. Let us now search what he hates and why he does it. Pondering on his words I come to the conclusion that <i>he hates the East as such.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Many things have I hated in this world, almost always unjustly. During my childhood, penicillin shots, above all, though they saved my life. Later on I came to hate bread pudding—which almost killed me once, not through any fault of its own, but through mine alone—when I stuffed myself with its fluffy substance way beyond anything recommended by human prudence and, amidst the gripping of a Homeric intestinal colic, I wound up becoming disgusted with that innocent dish forever. I hated those hideous institutions called musical conservatories, where no one understood the mathematical incommensurability between ten fingers and seven keys, which for me was an invincible obviousness. I also eventually came to hate Euclidian geometry, after suspecting that my teacher had the perverse intention of making a fool out of me when he stated, with the most innocent face in the world, that points with no extension at all, when added together, would make up a line segment. Later in my life I hated practically all the Brazilian governments I got to live under, with the exception of the brief and honorable administration of President Itamar Franco. I also hated several kinds of movies and even made a list of them, under the title “I hate with all my strength”: court-room movies, movies about suffering millionaires, movies about neurotic families, medical doctor movies, Americans-on-holiday movies, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Yet, throughout the 64 years of my existence, and I say this in all sincerity and after a careful examination of conscience: I have never hated a single human being, at least for longer than a few minutes. When someone irritates me beyond what is bearable, I shoot him a fulminating look, say couple of terrible things, and make lurid threats against him, and two minutes later I am laughing and patting the fellow on the back. Who knows me knows that I am like that.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The hypothesis that I might have hated entire civilizations, or that I still hate them, is the most clownish psychotic projection I have ever seen, particularly if it is claimed that the object of my insane hatred is the East. I have hated Eastern civilizations so much that I dedicated to them many years of my life, giving my best to understand and explain them to my students in a spirit of undeniable sympathy and devotion, always inspired by the rule of Titus Burckhardt, a traditionalist author whom Prof. Dugin has or should have as one of his reference points: “In order to understand a civilization it is necessary to love it, and this is only possible due to the universal values it contains.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> If I hate Eastern civilizations, why did I write a whole book to show the presence of these values in the Hindu doctrine of caste?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Why did I dig out of a dusty file the <i>Commentaries on René Guénon’s</i> <i>Oriental Metaphysics</i> written by my master of Chinese martial arts, Michel Veber, and also published that work with an introduction and notes?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[31]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Why did I talk so much about </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Way of a [Russian] Pilgrim, </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">which was then totally unknown in Brazil, that even a leftist publisher took notice and became interested in its publication? Why was I the first Brazilian scholar to deliver a lecture on René Guénon in the hostile precinct of a school at University of São Paulo? Why did I spend twenty years respectfully studying the mystic practices of Islamic esoterism, seeing in them, according to the perspective of Frithjof Schuon’s “transcendental unity of religions,” a spiritual treasury of universal value? Why was I, in the Brazilian big media, the first columnist to call the public’s attention to the names of René Guénon, Titus Burckhardt, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, and so many other spokesmen of characteristically Eastern doctrines? Why then did I write a symbolic exegesis of some of the Islamic prophet’s <i>ahadith—</i>a work, by the way, for which I was awarded a prize by both the El-Azhar University and the Saudi government?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[32]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> In fact, Prof. Dugin, even you only became known and won some audience in Brazil thanks to my newspaper articles and radio programs, in which I mentioned you several times, <i>sine ira et studio, </i>highlighting the<i> </i>international importance of your work and recommending it to the attention of Brazilian students in a time when nobody in the country, not even in high academic, political and military circles had ever heard your name. I must indeed be a madman: so much love for an object of hatred can only be cured with electroshock therapy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">On this point, the true barrier that separates me from Prof. Dugin is not that which distinguishes a fanatic Occidentalist from an <i>enragé </i>Orientalist. The difference is that, imbued by the Aristotelian creed in the power of knowing the truth beyond all my personal and cultural limitations, I looked to those civilizations with the loving gaze of one who saw in them the values Burckhardt referred to, values which, being universal, were also mine. Prof. Dugin, in his turn, looking to them with his mind cluttered by cultural conditionings that he believes to be insuperable, denies to those civilizations universality of values and can only see in them an invincible antagonism, whose only resolution must be war and the destruction of half of the human species.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">30. Resentment</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">That explains the structure of his resentment. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Resentment against what? What evil have Eastern civilizations done to me besides a couple of falls that I suffered in martial arts gyms?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">31. Putting words in my mouth</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">He attacks Russia and Russian holistic culture (that he dismisses with one gesture of indignation), the Orthodox Christianity (that he consider “morbid”, “nationalist” and “totalitarian”), China (with its collectivistic pattern), the Islam (that is for him the equivalent of “aggression” and “brutality”), Socialism and Communism (in the time of the cold war they were synonyms of the East), Geopolitics (which he arrogantly denies the status of science to), the hierarchy and traditional vertical order, the military values…</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Here comes Prof. Dugin again putting in my mouth words which I neither said nor thought, which are of his own and exclusive invention, words calculated to be easily demolished so that he might simulate a landslide victory. I cannot remember having criticized the Russian culture for being “holistic,” only for producing so many murderers of Russians. In truth I cannot see any “holism,” any sense of community solidarity, in a society where people dedicate themselves more than anywhere else in the world, with the exception of China, to killing their compatriots. And I do not refer only to the time of socialism. In the two tables elaborated by Prof. R. J. Rummel showing the ten biggest mass murderers, one for the twentieth century and one for all previous human history, the Russian and the Chinese show up twice: they have killed like madmen since they came into the world and have doubled their fury in the turn of the last century.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[33]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> If the Russians were already among the leaders in violence before communism, they continue to occupy this position after it. According to data from the Polish magazine <i>Fronda</i>—the same one to which Prof. Dugin gave his 1986 interview—in Russia, 80,000 Russians are murdered every year, 10,000 abortions are performed each day, the population is visibly decreasing and, though seven million couples do not have children, the number of child adoptions is so meager that there are more orphans in that country today than at the end of World War II (how much “community solidarity” in comparison with the Americans, world champions in child adoption!).</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[34]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> I do not have any historico-sociological theory to explain these facts, but to pretend that so much violence, so much cruelty has no roots in the Russian culture, that everything is the fault of mean foreigners infiltrated in the local government, is the ultimate “conspiracy theory,” one of the basest and most stupid kind that can be imagined. And if Prof. Dugin still insists that all this is the fault of the “liberal privatizations” of the Yeltsin era, he better stop blaming foreigners and go ask a few questions to his leader, Vladimir Putin, who, as head of the privatizations committee at that time, lined the pockets of his KGB colleagues with money, as he did in fact with his own as well.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[35]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">As for Islam as such, I cannot remember saying a single word against it, but rather against the modern politicization of its theology, which does as much harm to the Islamic religion as “liberation theology” did to Christianity.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">32. Oh, how hateful I am! (2)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In his hysterical hatred toward all this he finds the goal in my person. So he hates me and makes it feel. Is he right to see in me and in Eurasianism the conscious representation of all this? Am I the East and the defender of the Eastern values? Yes, <i>it is exact</i>. So his hatred is directed correctly. Because all what he hates I love and I am ready to defend and to affirm. For me is rather difficult to insist on the greatness of my values. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This paragraph, as so many others by Prof. Dugin, has only value as self-fulfilling prophecy. I have never hated Prof. Dugin, but now I am seriously considering the possibility of beginning to do it if he does not drop this foolishness. He is certainly the most elusive and stubborn debater I have ever confronted. Incapable of refuting a single one of my ideas in the field of logic and factual argumentation, he resorts to the terrain of divinatory pejorative psychology and, attributing to me bad sentiments that in truth exist only in his mind, he tries to destroy my reputation in the public square. And notice that he does so with the inflamed eloquence of a person who piously believes in what he is saying. This is not, therefore, simply an artifice. It is hysterical feigning <i>stricto sensu</i>. Imagining things, getting emotional with them as though they were really happening, and making a public display of emotion in a convincing performance is the very definition of hysterical behavior. When he calls me “hysterical,” he is just calling me names. When I apply the same word to him, I am not trying to insult him; I am only making an objective, scientific diagnosis, based upon patent facts.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">33. Guénon and the West</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There are many other thinkers who methodically describe the positive sides of the East, order, holism, hierarchy and negative essence of the West and its degradation. For example, Guenon. It is sure that he hadn't much of enthusiasm regarding communism and collectivism, but the origin of the degradation of the civilization he saw <i>exclusively in the West and Western culture</i>, precisely in Western <i>individualism</i> (see «The crisis of the modern world» or «The East and the West»). It is obvious that modern Eastern societies have many negative aspects. But they are mostly the result of modernization, westernization and the perversion of the ancient traditions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">René Guénon does say that the West is the vanguard of decadence, but he casts the blame for this, and for all the evil in the world, on the underground action of the “Seven Towers of the Devil,” which are more Eastern than Prof. Dugin himself (see further explanations below on item 35). I am not subscribing to this theory; I am just pointing out that it is neither viable, nor honest, to appeal to René Guénon as a legitimating authority for an anti-Occidentalism <i>à outrance.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Furthermore, Guénon never had an interest in destroying the West. He was interested in saving it, and the main path that he advocated for this end was the full restoration of the Catholic Church in its providential mission as Mother and Master. The hypothesis of an “Eastern occupation” only occurred to him as a secondary alternative in the case of a complete failure of the Catholic Church, and even so, he never conceived of this alternative in the form of a war, of military occupation. What he imagined was a sort of Islamic cultural revolution, in which Sufi sheiks would conquer, through subtle influence, the hegemonic control over Western intellectuality (Frithjof Schuon and Seyyed Hossein Nasr tried to implement this program).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">He never suggested war as a solution. On the contrary, he said that war and generalized chaos would follow almost inevitably from the failure (or the non-adoption) of the two previous alternatives. In short, he did not see war and chaos as solutions, but as parts of the problem. Nothing, absolutely nothing warrants the appeal to Guénon’s authority in order to justify a war enterprise of such proportions as that which the Eurasian Empire promises to us.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">34. The world upside-down</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In my youth (early 80-s) I was anticommunist in the Guenonian/Evolian sense. But after having known modern Western Civilization and especially after the end of Communism <i>I have changed my mind</i> and revised this traditionalism discovering the other side of the socialist society, which is the parody on the true Tradition, but nevertheless is <i>much better than absolute absence </i>of the Tradition in Modern and Post-Modern Western world. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) I understand perfectly the mutation which Prof. Dugin’s mind went through. There are no people more isolated and hopeless in the world than traditionalist intellectuals, who see everything sacred and precious be mercilessly destroyed, day after day, by the advance of materialism, of cynic relativism, of brutality and, what may be even worse, of banality. Few of them are prepared to carry their option for the spirit to its ultimate consequences by accepting total historic defeat, the complete humiliation of spiritual values, as a divine sentence destined to precede the apocatastasis, the end of all things and the advent of a “new heaven and a new earth.” They are beset by that great temptation of clinging to some last earthly hope, to some politico-ideological life-raft which promises to “restore Tradition” through material, politico-military, action. It is at the moment of such temptation that the desperate soul goes through a mutation, turning 180 degrees, and starts to see everything upside-down. A woman who has been raped once may go to the police and report the perpetrator, but if she is raped repeatedly, fifty, sixty times, she might end up seeking some relief in the stupid idea that rape is, after all, an act of love. No government in the world made a more obstinate and brutal effort to wipe the traditional religions off the face of Earth than the communist regimes in Russia and its satellite-countries like China, Vietnam, Cambodia (and China is still working on it in Tibet). To say that there was “anti-religious persecution” in these countries is a euphemism. What happened there was genocide pure and simple, the systematic annihilation of religious culture and of clergymen themselves. Pastor Richard Wurmbrand tells us that, in the communist prisons in Romania, each priest was asked to renounce his religion or else, and before his eyes, the teeth of a priest of another religion would be pulled out in cold blood. But the soul of the desperate traditionalist, incapable of withstanding the sight of so much evil, may in a moment of weakness hold on to the mad hope that there might be some secret good in all that evil, some divine secret conveyed to the world in paradoxical language. He will then begin to see monsters as angels, taking Lenin, Mao, Stalin and Pol-Pot for messengers of providence disguised as devils. The most ostensible and hatefully anti-traditional society that ever existed begins to appear to him as a mere “parody of tradition,” which is preferable, after all, to the “absolute absence<i> </i>of the Tradition in Modern and Post-Modern Western world.” When that happens, he is ready to join the Eurasian movement.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) Moreover, what “absence of Tradition” is that? As an Orthodox Christian, Prof. Dugin should admit the obviousness that the Christ did not come to save nations, but souls. The strength of Christian tradition in a society is not measured by the degree of centralizing authoritarianism that prevails in it, even if in the name of ecclesiastical authority, but by the vigor of the Christian faith in the souls of believers. In this respect, a few recent statistical data might enlighten Prof. Dugin’s mind. In 2008, research conducted by the German institute Bertelsmann Stiftung presented Russia as the country where young people are <i>the least</i> religious. Can this be a sign of the vigor of “tradition”? In comparison, Brazil came in third place among the countries with the most religious youth,</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[36]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> but the universe of beliefs of these young people was rather confuse: many did not believe in heaven or hell, others doubted eternal life, still others mixed up Catholicism with reincarnation, and many ignored the most basic elements of the Catholic dogma. Ultimately, the poll showed that Pope John Paul II was right when he said that “Brazilians are Christian in their sentiments, but not in their faith.” The same applies to Russia, where, according to an Ipsos/Reuters poll, 10% of those who say they are faithful in fact believe “in many gods.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[37]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> With an Orthodox Church headed by KGB agents, the sole “tradition” that seems to be really alive in Russia is shamanism (after all, two of the Seven Towers are located in Russia, and a third one in a territory that belonged to the former USSR).</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[38]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">Is there a place in the world where the majority of people have not merely a vague belief “in God” or “in gods,” but rather a defined and clear Christian faith, solid and unshakable? Yes, there is. A recent Rasmussen poll revealed that 74% of Americans—three quarters of the population—declare, loud and clear, that they believe that Our Lord Jesus Christ is the living Son of God, who came to the world to redeem the sins of humanity.</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[39]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"> This is the central dogma of Christianity, be it Catholic, Orthodox, or Protestant. This is the irradiating center of Christian tradition. Tradition is alive where faith is alive, not where communo-fascist dreams of an “organic society” usurp the authority of faith while its population turns its back on “the only necessary thing.”</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">35. The Seven Towers of the Devil</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, I love the East in general and blame the West. The West now expands itself on the planet. So the globalization is Westernization and Americanization. Thereforee, I invite all the rest to join the camp and fight Globalism, Modernity/Hypermodernity, Imperialism Yankee, liberalism, free market religion and unipolar world. These phenomena are the ultimate point of the Western path to the abyss, the final station of the evil and the almost transparent image of the antichrist/ad-dadjal/erev rav. So the West is the center of kali-yuga, its motor, its heart.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">No, it is not. He who seeks to secure the prestige of Guenonism for the Eurasian cause should at least read René Guénon correctly. Guénon never interpreted the East-West symbolism as a gross Manichean opposition between good and evil. As a profound scholar in Islamic tradition, he always took into consideration one of the most renowned <i>ahadith, </i>in which the Islamic prophet, pointing towards the East, stated: “The Antichrist will come from there.”<i> </i>Among the main centers of diffusion of “counter-initiation,” as Guénon called them, there is none, according to him, located in the West; but there is one in Sudan, one in Nigeria, one in Syria, one in Iraq, one in Turkestan (inside the former USSR), and — surprise!—there are two in the Urals, well within Russian territory.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[40]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Projected on a map, the Seven Towers form the exact contour of the constellation of Ursa Major. The bear, Russia’s national emblem, represents in traditional symbolism the military class, <i>kshatriya</i>, in cyclical rebellion against spiritual authority. Jean-Marc Allemand mentions, respecting this matter, “the forced militarization that inevitably accompanies Marxism and serves as its basis.” And he continues: “This excessive warlike feature—and utterly inverted in relation to the original and subordinate function of the military caste—is the ultimate result of the revolt of the <i>kshatriyas</i>; in this sense, the USSR is really the land of the Ursa.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[41]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> How can a great expert in “sacred geography” ignore, or pretend to ignore, so basic a piece of information? And how has Putin’s Russia changed if not towards an even greater militarization of society? And is this phenomenon not in line with the Eurasian project? And is it not concomitant with the domination of the Chinese society by the military and with the “Sovietization of Islam,” which Jean Robin, an authoritative spokesman for Guenonism, considers to be one of the most sinister features of modern spiritual degradation?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[42]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">36. Assymmetry</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">36. Mr. Carvalho blames the East and loves the West</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. But here begins some asymmetry. I love the East as a whole including its dark sides. The love is the strong, very strong feeling. You don't love only good and pure sides of the beloved one, you love him wholly. Only such love is real one. Mr. Carvalho loves the West but not all the West, only its part. The other part he rejects. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prof. Dugin recognizes a basic difference between us: while he adheres to the East as a whole, with its virtues and sins, with its saints and its criminals, its sublime accomplishments and its abominations, I do not do the same with the West. For I examine it critically, and I can only approve, with a sound conscience, part of it—that part which is consistent with the Christian values that first established it. Prof. Dugin realizes all that, but he fails to grasp the obvious meaning of this difference: he identifies himself with a geographic area and a geopolitical power; I with general values which are not embodied in any geographic territory or in any of the powers of this world. When Christ said, “my Kingdom is not of this world,” He implied that no mundane power would ever embody His message except in a provisional and imperfect way, so that none of them would ever have the authority to represent Him in plenitude. For even greater clarity, He also taught that “the gods of nations are demons,” forbidding Christians to offer to any of them the devotion and loyalty that were due only to Him. When I decline to make common cause with any of the geopolitical alternatives offered by Prof. Dugin, I am only refusing to worship demons, and more importantly, to do it under a Christian pretext. Never as today have the powers of this world been so ostensibly hostile to Christianity. And if it is true that “the Spirit blows where it will,” the obligation of every Christian is to follow it wherever it goes, instead of letting himself be hypnotically paralyzed in the worship of false divinities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">37. Conspiracy Theory</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To explain his attitude in front of the East he makes appeal to the conspiracy theory. Scientifically it is inadmissible and discredits immediately Mr. Carvalho thesis but in this debate I don’t think that scientific correctness is that does mean much. I don't try to please or convince somebody. I am interested only in the truth (vincit omnia veritas). If Mr. Carvalho prefers to make use of the conspiracy theory let him do it. The conspiracy theory exposed by the Mr. Carvalho is however a banal and flat one. There are other many theories of a more extravagant and brilliant kind in their idiotism. I have written thick volume on the sociology of the conspiracy theory, describing much more esthetic versions (for example assembled in the Adam Parfrey books, “extraterrestrial ruling the world”, David Icke’s “reptiles government” or R. Sh. Shaver underground «dero's» impressively evoked in the Japanese film «Marebito» by Takashi Shimitsu). But we have what we have. Let us try to find the reason why a serious Brazilian-American professor take the risk of looking a little bit loony making appeal to the conspiracy theories? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Any resemblance between my theory of the subject of history and any “conspiracy theory” which raises the alarm about alien invasions or the “reptilian government” is only an artificial, insulting, and forced analogy, to which an inept debater will resort, in desperation, to get away from the discussion. Here again Prof. Dugin proves himself incapable of finding his bearings amidst the complexity of the questions I have raised and hides his lack of intellectual preparation behind a theatrical affectation of superiority. I never expected he would perform, in front of the audience, such an act of obscene moral strip-tease.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Anyone who knows how to read will understand right away that my explanations on the nature of historical action are exactly the opposite of a “conspiracy theory.” I demonstrated in a previous message that the actual contest for power in the world makes use of instruments which are not only normal and inherent in the political fight, but which are indeed the only existing ones. Without continuity over generations, there is no historical action, and only a few types of human groups have the means to fulfill this requirement. If among those means the control over the flow of information is included, this is only due to a trite observation, actually a commonplace in historical methodology, according to which the dissemination of facts produces new facts; therefore, the control over the flow of information is absolutely essential to any group or entity that plans long-term historical actions. The <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i>, for example, managed to remain totally secret and unknown for fifty years, even though its membership included practically all the owners of the major media outlets of the West.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[43]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Once the period of obligatory discretion was over, David Rockefeller publicly thanked journalists for their five-decade old silence. Should we hide this fact only out of a yokelish fear of being called “conspiracy theorists”? Whatever our interpretation of these facts may be, we cannot deny that they convey a long-term and constant purpose of controlling the information that reaches the public and of exercising great dominance—within the bounds of what is humanly possible—over the direction of political events. To compare obvious statements such as these with the announcement of a “Martian invasion” is childish hyperbolism, and one that can only expose its author to humiliation and mockery.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">38. Conspiracy Theory (2)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It seems that I know the answer. The serious side of this not much serious argumentation consists <i>in the necessity for Mr. Carvalho to differentiate the West he loves from the West he doesn't love.</i> So Mr. Carvalho proves to be idiosyncratic. He not only detests the East (so Eurasianism and myself), but also he hates the part of the West itself. To make the frontier in the West he uses the conspiracy and the term «Syndicate» (he could use also «Synarchy», «Global Government» and so on). Let us accept it for a while, we agree on the “Syndicate”. The description of «Syndicate» is amazingly correct. Maybe the feeling of correctness of Mr. Carvalho analysis from my side can be explained by the fact that this time I fully share the hatred of Mr. Carvalho. So I agree with the caricature description of the globalist elite and with all furious images applied to it. Here our hatred coincides. Mr. Carvalho affirms that the Syndicate takes control over the world against the will and the interest of all people, their cultures and traditions. I agree with it. Maybe the Rothschild or Fabian myths are too simplistic and ridiculous, but the essence is true. There <i>is</i> such thing as global elite and it <i>is acting</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In admitting that the Syndicate exists and operates in the way I described, Prof. Dugin shows that either my version of this phenomenon is not a conspiracy theory at all, or that he himself is not averse to entertaining conspiracy theories whenever it is convenient for him to do so.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">39. Free competition ideology?</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">But this elite deals with concrete ideological, economical and geopolitical <i>infrastructure</i>. In other words this elite is historically and geographically identified and linked with special set of values and instruments. All these values and instruments are <i>absolutely Western</i>. The roots of these elite goes into the European Modernity, Enlightment and the rise of the bourgeoisie (see W.Sombart). The ideology of this elite is based on the <i>individualism</i> and <i>hyper-individualism</i> (G. Lipovetsky, L. Dumont). The economical basis of this elite is C<i>apitalism and Liberalism</i>. The <i>ethos</i> of this elite is <i>free competition</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK32"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I limit myself to responding to the last sentence, which summarizes the whole paragraph. When I read Prof. Dugin’s affirmation that the <i>ethos</i> of the globalist elite, the Syndicate, is free competition, I started wondering: On what planet does he spend most of his time? Is it really possible that he ignores the history of this entity so completely? Does he really not know that the most constant activity of this elite in the USA, for at least fifty years, has consisted in trying to impose, not only upon economic activity, but upon all domains of human existence, all sorts of restrictions and state controls? Does he not know, moreover, that the clash between the policies of state-control imposed by the <i>establishment</i> and the good and old market freedom so dear to traditional Americans is the fundamental conflict in American politics? Then, let him read articles by Thomas Sowell, Rush Limbaugh, Michael Savage, Phyllis Schlafly, Star Parker, Neil Cavuto, Larry Elder, Ann Coulter, Cal Thomas, Walter Williams and hundreds, thousands of other conservative commentators who, for decades, have not done anything but protest against the elite’s obsessions about monopolism and statism. For it is one thing to pass judgment based on stereotyped impressions; but it is quite another to look up close, from the realm of facts, at the political fight. The history of the confrontation between conservatism and statism has been told so many times that I can confine myself to recommending to Prof. Dugin the reading of a few books, well-known to the American public, which give an account of it in a rather clear and definitive way.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[44]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">True, at the international level, the globalist elite does promote freedom of market among nations; but then, a question needs to be asked: why exactly does it try impose abroad the opposite of that which it tries to impose at home? As early as the nineteenth century Karl Marx himself was among the most ardent defenders of the opening up of markets to international trade because he knew that national borders were a considerable obstacle to the expansion of the revolutionary movement. Note well that the behavior of the elite in every country manifests the same apparent contradiction: draconian state controls within, market freedom abroad. But it is no coincidence that such freedom is restricted to the economic realm; for also at the international level, the same elite that promotes it is busy trying to establish all sorts of state controls by means of organizations such as the UN, the WHO, the ILO, etc.—controls which span over nutrition, health, education, security, and, in short, over all dimensions of human life. Quite clearly, this freedom of international trade is only a dialectical moment in the process of instituting global state control.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">40. American National Interest?</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The strategic and military support of this elite is from the first quart of the XX century <i>USA</i>, and after the end of the WWII – <i>Nord-Atlantic Alliance</i>. So the global elite, let it be called “Syndicate”, is <i>Western</i> and concretely <i>North American</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To use a nation as strategic and military support is one thing; to defend its interests is something else entirely. As I have explained already, the Syndicate lodges itself into the governments of several Western nations in order to use their strategic resources and military power to its own ends, which are generally opposed to those countries’ most obvious national interests. What “American national interest” did the Syndicate serve when it helped the USSR—even after World War II—transform itself into an industrial military power capable of threatening American security? What “American national interest” did it serve when it helped China in the same way? What “American national interest” do the likes of Soros and Rockefellers serve when they subsidize everywhere, and especially in Latin America, the most outrageously anti-American leftist movements? What “American national interest” does the Syndicate serve today in helping the Muslim Brotherhood, the spearhead of Islamic anti-Americanism, to seize power in nations that were previously allied or inoffensive to the USA?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">41. Fabricating unity</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Seeing that clearly I, as the conscious representative of the East, make appeal to the humanity to consolidate all kinds of the alternatives and to resist the globalization and Westernization linked in it. I appeal first of all to Russians, my compatriots, inviting them to refuse pro-Western and pro-globalist corrupted elite that rules now my country and to come back to the spiritual Tradition of Russia (Orthodox Christianity and multi-ethnic Empire). At the same time I invite Islamic people and their community, as well as all other traditional societies (Chinese, Indian, Japanese and so on) to join the battle against the Globalization, Westernization and the Global Elite. The enemy is fighting with new means -- with post-modern informational weapons, financial instruments and global network. We should be able to fight them on the same ground and to appropriate the art of the network warfare. I sincerely hope that Latin Americans and also some honest North Americans enter in the same struggle against this elite, against the Post-Modernity and unipolarity for the Tradition, social solidarity and social justice. S.Huntington used to say the phrase «the West against the Rest». <i>I identify myself with the Rest</i> and incite it to stand up <i>against the West</i>. Exactly as first Eurasianists (N.S.Trubetskoy, P.N.Savitsky and other) did. I think that to be concrete and operational the position of Mr. Carvalho should be rather or with us (the East and Tradition) or with them (the West and Modernity, the modernization). He refuses obviously such a choice pretending that there is a “the third position”. He prefers not to struggle but to hate. To hate the East and to hate the globalist elite. That is his personal decision or maybe the decision of some North American Christian right, but it is in any case too marginal and of no interest for me.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Here Prof. Dugin completes his strip-tease, divesting himself of his last piece of garment. Given that it is obviously impossible to reconcile, at the doctrinal level, proposals as antagonistic as communism and Islamism, fascism and anarchism, traditional spirituality and dictatorships that crush religion by fire and sword, Eurasianism artificially builds a negative unity, based on sheer hatred of a supposed common enemy. Hence he has to divide the world in two—the West against the Rest, and the Rest against the West—and then set out to build the “Ideal City” based on nuclear war and the destruction of the planet. It is no wonder that such a man can only imagine himself to be hated, because hatred is quite clearly the sole sentiment he knows.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What is even more significant is that he excludes as irrelevant the possibility of allying with forces that are alien and oblivious to this conflict, by calling them “too marginal and of no interest for me.” Whatever values which are not capable of being embodied in a geopolitical power are indeed contemptible and are of no interest to him. Throughout history, the highest values have been many times on the weak side and with the few. The history of the origins of Christianity illustrates that in the clearest way. Actually, the Christianization of Russia, undertaken by unarmed monks surrounded by countless dangers, is also an exemplary case. Prof. Dugin forbids us to take side with that which is simply right. He forbids us to love the good simply for its own sake. He only allows us a choice between powers. Powers which are armed to their teeth. Had he been a Bible character, he would have obviously refused to take the side of that minority sect whose leader was flayed with a whip and hung defenseless on the Cross. Armed with that air of infinite superiority, he would have invited us to forget the Christ and choose between the powers of this world, between Pilate and Caiaphas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">42. Putting words in my mouth (2)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Loosing the rest of the coherence Mr. Carvalho tries to merge all he hates in one object. So he makes the allusion that the globalist elite and the East (Eurasianism) are linked. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is new purely personal conspiracy theory. </span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I do not remember having attempted to fuse together the Syndicate, the Eurasian Empire, and the Caliphate into a single global entity. On the contrary, in my first message I had already made it clear that “t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">he conceptions of global power that these three agents strive to implement are very different from one another because they stem from heterogeneous and sometimes incompatible inspirations. Therefore, they are not similar forces, species of the same genus. They do not fight for the same goals and, when they occasionally resort to the same weapons (for example, economic warfare) they do so in different strategic contexts, where employing such weapons does not necessarily serve the same objectives.” There could be no clearer expression of the mutual independence of the three forces. If between them, in spite of the contest that keeps them separated, there are “vast zones of fusion and collaboration, as flexible and changing as they may be,” this does not retroactively affect the heterogeneity of their origins and of the values that inspire them. In fact, “vast zones of fusion and collaboration” have always existed between antagonistic powers, as, for example, in the case of the USSR and Nazi Germany, and yet, this has never led to the fulfillment of Prof. Dugin’s golden dream: the unification of tyrannies in a total war against the West.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Collaborations between the Syndicate, the Russian-Chinese scheme, and the Caliphate are so notorious and well documented that there is no point in insisting on this. The wars that the American government is right now waging for the exclusive benefit of the Muslim Brotherhood, the massive American investments that transformed a bankrupt China into a threatening industrial power (against the protests of so many conservatives!), or the very special aid given by the USA to the reconstruction of the USSR after World War II, on terms far more generous than those offered to the other Allied countries—such are historically indisputable examples that no Duginian straw-man is big enough to hide from view.<span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">His attempt at spinning my explanations, so simple and clear, into a mythological construction of the world headquarters of evil—something like KAOS from the “Get Smart” series—is so artificial, so ridiculous, that his impulse to caricature backfires on him, the author of such a spinning feat, and shows him as a true clown.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">43. Putting words in my mouth (3)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It could enlarge the panoply of the other extravaganzas. It should sound something like this: “the globalist elite itself is directed by hidden devilish center in the East”…</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">A tireless builder and demolisher of straw-men, here comes Prof. Dugin again, attributing to me ideas which are not and could not be mine, and which are in fact—and here comes a twist of the utmost irony—his own. The belief in “Eastern devilish centers,” which are supposedly directing the course of evil in the world, is an integral part of the “traditional doctrine” of René Guénon, a doctrine to which he subscribes without reservations and to which I have accorded, over the last twenty years, a prudent and critical admiration at most.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">44. Putting words in my mouth (4)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">…or “the East (and socialism) is the puppet in the hands of the devilish bankers and fanatics from CFR, Trilateral and so on”. Congratulations. It is very creative. The free fantasy at work.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I have never stated that Soviet socialism or the government of the USSR were puppets in the hands of “devilish bankers,” “Atlanticist conspirators,” or anything of the sort. Who stated that was Aleksandr Dugin himself when, based on the opinion of his fellow Eurasianist Jean Parvulesco, he said he believed that “the KGB was the Atlantic Order’s center of most direct influence …the mask of that Order” and that “it is well possible to speak of a ‘convergence of special services’ of a ‘fusion’ of the KGB and the CIA, of their unity in lobbying at the geopolitical level.”</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[45]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Not having anything more intelligent to say against me, Aleksandr Dugin accuses me of…believing in Aleksandr Dugin! It is a sin I have committed occasionally, but not with respect to this point, regarding which I clearly insisted on the mutual independence of those three blocks—both in what concerns their historical origins and their objectives and respective ideologies—and pointed out just local and occasional collaborations that do not jeopardize this independence at all.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">As usual, Prof. Dugin, incapable of responding to my statements, substitutes them for his own and, throwing punches and kicks at himself, he swears that he is beating the hell out of me. How does he expect me to react to this if not with a mix of compassion and hilarity?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Also, this topic provides me with a timely occasion to make it clear that the Duginian theory of the “war of continents” itself is every inch a “conspiracy theory,” one which plainly has its roots in the occult, as for example, in the ideas of Helena P. Blavatski and Alice Bailey. Since I have no space to explain this here, I would like to draw the readers’ attention to my study entitled “Aleksandr Dugin and the War of Continents” which, beginning today, May 23, 2011, will be published in chapters on my website </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/"><span lang="EN-US">www.olavodecarvalho.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Read it and tell me whether Prof. Dugin, in labeling me as a “conspiracy theorist,” is or is not putting into practice an old communist trick: “Accuse them of what you are doing, call them what you are.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">45. </span><span lang="EN-US">Western or Catholic Church?</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What Mr. Carvalho loves?</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Here I would rather finish the debates. But I think that it is possible to pay little more attention to «the positive» forces described by Carvalho as victims of the global elite. They represent <i>what Mr. Carvalho loves</i>. It is important. He names them: <i>Western Christianity</i> (ecumenical style – see his description of his visit to the Methodist Church, being himself Roman Catholic), <i>Zionist Jewish State</i> and <i>American nationalist right wingers</i> (I presume he excludes neocons from the list of love, because of their evident belonging to the global elite). He admires also the simple Americans of the countryside (personally I also find them rather very sympatethic). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Why does Prof. Dugin label “Western” that Church which has denominated itself Catholic (universal) since its origin, that Church which has always had saints and martyrs of all races and countries, that Church whose influence has penetrated much deeper and more lastingly the Middle and the Far-East than that of the Russian Orthodox Church and which today places more hope in its African and Asian faithful than in its debilitated and corrupt Western clergy?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">His insistence on considering everything through the bias of geopolitics, as if the phenomena of spiritual nature were determined by the whims of the powers of this world, leads him to twist and caricature even historical facts of the greatest magnitude.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">46. </span><span lang="EN-US">The Catholic Church and the American right</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This set of positive example is eloquent. It is <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="OLE_LINK25"></a>trivia of the American political right</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prof. Dugin, no doubt, ignores the vast rabidly anti-Catholic bibliography poured onto the market every year by the American political right, a phenomenon that makes me sad, but whose existence I cannot deny. No, the Catholic Church is not “<i>trivia of the American political right</i>”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">47. </span><span lang="EN-US">Love for the strong</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We can consider it as <i>right side of the modern West</i>. Or better “paleoconservative” side of the Modern West. Historically they are <i>losers</i> in all senses. They have lost (as P. Buchanan<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12f8a312cbc2b86d__ftnref20"></a>[20] shows) the battle for the USA, including for the Republican party where the main positions were taken by neoconservative with clearly globalist and imperialist vision. They are losers in front of the globalist elite controlling now both political parties in USA. They are living in the past that immediately precedes the actual (Post-Modern and globalist) moment. But at the same time they don't have the inner strength to stand up to the Conservative Revolution - Evolian or wider European style. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Even supposing that <i>paleoconservatives </i>are indeed a chronically losing minority (I will leave this to be discussed later), why should we always take the side of the victors of the day? Has Prof. Dugin not read the epigraph by José Ortega y Gasset in my previous message, where I proclaim loud and clear my aim to do exactly the opposite of this, and support what is good and right even when its chances of victory are minimal? With the greatest naïveté, he thus exposes one of the ugliest features of his thought: the worship of power as such, the cult of the victorious, the idolatry of Force well above the Truth and the Good. To me, Prof. Dugin’s Christianity seems more and more as a publicity-façade concealing a very different religion.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">48. The two utopias compared</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The yesterday of the West prepared the today of the West as global West</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. The yesterday Western values (including the Western Christianity) prepared the today hypermodern values. You can deplore this last step, but the precedent step in the same direction can not be regarded as serious alternative. </span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Why not? If Prof. Dugin believes in making a miserable and tattered Russia of today into the great world empire of tomorrow, what can there be of so infeasible and utopian, <i>a priori</i>, in the hope for restoring a Christianity that is visibly growing while even Russia’s population is dwindling?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[46]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">49. Christianity and the “organic society”</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Western Christianity stressed the individual as the center of the religion and made the salvation the strictly individual affair. The Protestantism led this tendency to the logical end. Denying more and more the holistic ontology of the organic society the Western Christianity arrived with the Modernity to self-denial (deism, atheism, materialism, economism). French sociologist Louis Dumont in his excellent books «Essai sur l'Individualism» and «Homo Aequalis» shows that the methodological individualism is the result of the oblivion and direct purge by the Western scholastic of the early and original Greco-Roman theological tradition conserved intact in the Byzance and Eastern Church as whole. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (1) Neither in the Gospels nor in the writings of the First Fathers do I find the slightest mention of an “organic society” whose construction should have a logical or a chronological priority over the salvation of individual souls. Can Prof. Dugin show me where—in what verse—Our Lord revealed any intention of merging his Church with the kingdom of Caesar? Quite to the contrary, the Church was born, grew, and saved millions of souls in an overtly anti-Christian society, and all the expansion it enjoyed after the conversion of Constantine cannot be compared, in proportion, with the transformation of a group of twelve apostles into a universal religion whose area of influence that, at that time, went far beyond the borders of the Roman Empire. If an “organic society” were a <i>conditio sine qua non</i> for the existence and expansion of Christianity, none of that could have happened. The very advent of the Church would have been impossible. The absolute and unquestionable priority of the salvation of individual souls over the creation of an ‘organic society” was definitively established by Our Lord Jesus Christ when he declared that “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.” Therefore, from a Christian point of view, societies should be judged not by their greater or lesser “organicity,” but by whether they foster or debilitate the faith, or the salvation of souls.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (2) If we admit <i>ad argumentandum </i>that Western Christianity led to “individualism” by its own fault<i> </i>(and that in condemning it for this, as a whole, we are not committing the crime of “intellectual racism,” denounced by Prof. Dugin on item 22), then we also have to consider what results the “holism” of the Orthodox church has yielded in Russia? How hard can it be for someone to see the affinity between an “organic society” dominated by a state Church and the Soviet society, which was presided over by a Party endowed with an infallible doctrine? Prof. Dugin himself stresses this affinity. Thus, if Western Christianity “produced” individualism, the Eastern Christianity “produced” communism, the slaughter of 140 million people and the largest wave of anti-Christian persecution that the world has ever known. Nothing that has happened in the Western world is comparable to such monstrosity.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> If we take into account that in the highest temple of “individualism,” that is, in the USA, Christian faith and community solidarity are still alive and active— while, in contrast, the Russians turn their back on the faith and refuse to perform the most obvious gesture of human solidarity, the adoption of orphans—, it becomes obvious that Western “individualism,” as detestable as it may seem, has been less harmful to the salvation of souls than Russian “holism.” I cannot say that this double connection of cause and effect has actually existed (an in-depth discussion of this point would require hundreds of pages)</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[47]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: I just limit myself to reasoning according to Prof. Dugin’s premises.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> It is true that the Christian faith has declined in Western Europe as much as in Russia, but we have just seen [28(4)] that the prevailing current of European thought since Hegel cannot be called “individualist” in any identifiable meaning of the term, since it stresses the inanity of individual consciousness and its absolute subjection to impersonal and collective factors. It is also notorious that, in the field of politics, statist and collectivist policies—like fascism, socialism, Fabianism, laborism, and third-worldism—have prevailed in Europe, throughout the twentieth century, to a degree incomparably greater than they have ever reached in the USA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> If American “individualism” is compatible with the persistence of Christian faith, then it cannot be an evil comparable to anti-Christian genocide and to the later dwindling of the Christian faith in “politically correct” Europe or in Vladimir Putin’s Russia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">50. Syncretism</span></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This social vision of the Church as the body of Christ in the Catholicism is more developed than in Protestantism and in the Catholicism of the Latin America more than in other places. The Catholicism was imposed here by force in the time of the colonization. But the traditional spirit of aborigine cultures and the syncretic attitude of the Spanish and Portuguese elites gave birth to the special religious form of Catholicism – more holistic than in the Europe and much more traditional than extremely individualistic Protestantism. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Substantially, the paragraph above is divided into two propositions, one unnecessary, and the other wrong. After all, how could an older religion not be “more traditional” than its revolutionary dissidence? And his statement that Catholicism was more syncretic in Latin America than in Europe is but proof of boundless historical ignorance. The contribution of indigenous cultures to Latin American Catholicism was negligible in comparison to the ocean of symbols, myths, and artistic forms from European paganism which the Church absorbed and transmuted.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[48]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">51. Protestantism and individualism</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mr. Carvalho prefers Western kind of the Christianity that was according to L. Dumont and W. Sombart (as well as to M.Weber) the direct forerunner of Modern secularism.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I do not know to what degree Dumont, Sombart, and Weber can be blamed for that monstrous <i>post hoc, ergo propter hoc</i> sophism<i> </i>(i.e., </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">"after this, therefore because of this"), which consists in attributing to scholasticism the errors of Protestantism. Even nominalism could not, by itself, generate such a spectacular disaster without the interference of other factors, entirely foreign to this question. I will examine this later. But, to begin with, the qualification of Protestantism as “individualistic” is based on the unforgivable simplism which confuses doctrinal proclamations with real political conduct. Protestantism, in its Calvinist variety, created the first totalitarian society of the Modern Age, in an “organicist” version very similar to the Russian one, where state and Church formed a compact unit, exerted draconian control over all areas of social and cultural existence, and smothered, with prison and death sentences, any impulses toward individualism, even in private life<span style="color: black;">.</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[49]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">The English Reformation, which began by killing in a year more people than the Inquisition killed in many centuries, was essentially an endeavor of civil government and resulted in the creation of a state church that, in the name of freedom of conscience, had among its priorities the implacable persecution of those who dared to exert such freedom in a pro-Catholic sense. Quite clearly, “individualism” was, in that context, a mere ideological pretext for the establishment of a ferociously centralizing “holism.”</span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[50]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">52. Jews</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Some words about the Jewish state. From the point of view of the quantity of violence the tender love of Mr.Carvalho to the Zionism is quite touching. The inconsistency of his views reaches here the apogee. I have nothing against Israel, but its cruelty in repressing the Palestinians is evident. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Prof. Dugin attempts to be ironic, but only manages to be ridiculous. The rockets that the Palestinians fire practically every day at non-military areas of Israel are never reported by the international big media, whereas any raid by Israel against Palestinian military installations always provokes the greatest outcry all over the world. In a similar fashion, Prof. Dugin—who, as an intellectual, should be immune to the Western media, but is in fact its slave—wishes me to judge everything according to the sole sources of information he knows or acknowledges—which, for him, are the voice of God Himself. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Do you really want to impress me with this silly journalistic cliché, Prof. Dugin? I know the facts, my friend. I know the dose of violence on both sides. I know, for instance, that the Israelis never use human shields, while the Palestinians almost always do it. I know that, in Israel, Muslims have civil rights and are protected by the police, while, in countries under Islamic rule, non-Muslims are treated as dogs and often stoned to death. The number of Christians murdered in Islamic countries reaches several tens of thousands every year.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn51" name="_ftnref51" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[51]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">I have not read any of this in the <i>New York Times</i>; I saw it with my own eyes in documentaries which the big media hides. I do not live in a make-believe world.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">53. Jews (2)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In Israel there are traditionalists and modernists, antiglobalist forces and representatives of the global elite. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Oh, really? So Israel is a democracy where all currents of opinion have a right to freedom of expression? Now, tell me: what is the fate of Christians and of friends of America in territories dominated by your cherished anti-imperialist, leftist, and Eurasian friends?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">54. Jews (3)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The antiglobalist front is formed there by the anti-American, ant-liberal and anti-unipolar religious groups and by the left anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist circles. They can be good, that to say “Eurasian” and “Eastern”. But the Jewish State itself is not something «traditional». As a whole it is a modern capitalist and Atlantist entity and an ally of American imperialism. Israel was different at the time and could be different in the future. But in the present is rather on the other side of the battle. More than that, the conspiracy theories (Syndicate and so on) include almost always the Jewish bankers in the heart of the globalist elite or world conspiracy. Why Mr. Carvalho modernizes the conspiracy theory excluding from the main version the «Jews» rests a mystery. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) How wonderful it would be if Prof. Dugin could reach an agreement with himself and tell us, once and for all, whether my description of the Syndicate “is accurate,” or it is a “conspiracy theory.” I cannot argue with a double-mouthed monster.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) The presence of Jewish bankers in the high circles of the Syndicate is the most obvious thing in the world, as also is the presence of Jewish militants in the revolutionary elite that established Bolshevism in Russia. It is also obvious that these two groups of Jews have collaborated to bring misfortune upon the world.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274#_ftn52" name="_ftnref52" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[52]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> They continued to collaborate even during the time when Stalin started a general persecution against the Jews and your dear KGB began to return to Hitler the Jewish refugees who had fled from Germany. Their collaboration lasts to this day. Baron Rothschild, for example, is the owner of <i>Le Monde</i>, the most leftist and anti-Israeli newspaper of the European big media, just as the Sulzbergers, another Jewish family, are the owners of the American daily which is the most ferocious publisher of lies against Israel. Mr. George Soros, a Jew who helped the Nazis to seize the property of other Jews, finances all sorts of anti-American and anti-Israeli movements in the world. Just recently, a mission of American Jews, subsidized by billion dollar NGOs and impressed by the brutal murder of a Jewish family committed by a Palestinian terrorist, traveled to the region to pay a visit of solidarity… to whom? To the relatives of the dead? No. To the murderer’s mother!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Such are the Jews you speak of, pretending that they are the most genuine and pure expression of universal Judaism. If they were so, I would be an anti-Semite. But who actually are these Jews you mention? They are the ones whom Our Lord called the Synagogue of Satan and defined as “those who say they are Jews, yet are not.” These are people who, like the members of the infamous Jewish Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR, avail themselves of their ethnic origin in order to remain infiltrated in the community that has generated them and to be able to betray it more easily, to hand it over to its executioners, to lead it into the slaughterhouse.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[53]</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">These are the ones you serve when you judge victims by their murderers.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(3) My position on the State of Israel is very simple and strictly personal. It has nothing to do with Atlantism versus Eurasianism. I do not intend to impose it on anyone. In the first place, it seems to me that, after all the suffering the Jews went through in Germany, in Russia, and a little bit everywhere in Europe, it would have been sheer inhumanity to deny them a piece of land where they could live in peace and safety among their own. I am proud that a Brazilian—the great Oswaldo Aranha—was the head of the General Assembly of the UN when the State of Israel was created. The content of the policies that would come to be adopted by the Israelis in their newly-established nation is of little importance in all this matter. Even if they intended to eventually institute a communist dictatorship there, this could never justify taking away their land and scattering them in a new Diaspora. In the second place, as a Catholic, I believe the Jews will have a providential mission to fulfill at the end of times</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[54]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> and that therefore it is the duty of Christians to protect them or, at least, to save them from extinction when they are threatened. The bull by Pope Gregory X (1271-1276), which, having incorporated sentences by his predecessors Innocence III and Innocence IV, forbids false accusations to be brought against the Jews and commands the faithful to let them live in peace, has been a constant inspiration for me.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[55]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">55. Love for the strong (2)</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">My opinion: American paleoconservatives, traditional American right are doomed. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Their discourse is incoherent, weak and too idiosyncratic. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(1) A man who takes post-modernism as an absolute authority and, at the same time, condemns it as the utmost expression of Western corruption should not call anyone incoherent.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(2) The same applies to the man who curses traditional right-wingers and, a few lines later, calls out for their support.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(3) Even if paleoconservatives were condemned to defeat, to allege this reason to deny them support would be immoral and extremely cowardly. The man who only takes the side of those who seem to be strong should not call anyone weak. To run under the wings of the strong is the conduct of a cheap woman, not of a man. How can Prof. Dugin talk so much about the “ethics of warriors” and forget that one of the foremost commandments of this ethics is the duty to protect “los que son los menos contra los que son los más”?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(4)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Finally, it is not true that traditional conservatives are doomed to extinction. It was they who elected the most beloved American president of all times (chosen in several polls as the “greatest of Americans,” ahead of Washington and Lincoln), and it was they who created the largest popular movement that ever existed in the USA—the Tea Party. Eurasianism does not have one hundredth of this support even in Russia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">56. Multiculturalism</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If some honest and brave people among North Americans want to fight the globalist elite as the last stage of the Western history, as the end of the history, please join our Eurasian troops. Our struggle is in some sense universal as universal is the globalist challenge. We have different traditions but defending them we confront the common enemy of any tradition. So we will explore where lie our respective zones of influence in the multipolar world <i>only after</i> our common victory over the Beast, american-atlantist-liberal-globalist-capitalist-Post-Modern Beast. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This is very beautiful. What does Eurasianism promise us for after the world war that will destroy the West? A multicultural society where different ethnicities will each have their representation in Parliament.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[56]</span></span></span> But is this not what we see already in the parliaments of all Western nations? Could it really be that Prof. Dugin has never heard of the Black Caucus, Islamic lobby, etc.? Why start a world war with the purpose of getting to the exact place where we already are?</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[57]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">57. Warrior spirit</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Once the West had its own tradition. Partly it has lost it. Partly this tradition has given the poisonous germs. The West should search in its deep ancient roots. But these roots lead to the common indo-european <i>Eurasian</i> past, the glorious past of the Scyths, Celts, Sarmats, Germans, Slavs, Hindus, Persians, Greeks, Romans and their holistic societies, warrior style hierarchical culture and spiritual mystic values that had nothing in common with present day Western mercantile capitalist degenerated civilization. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It really would be very good if the West could recover its warrior spirit and get rid of its bourgeois pusillanimity.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[58]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> But I can assure you that this spirit has no roots whatsoever in Persia, India, or Russia. The Western warrior spirit goes back to the Christian knighthood in the Middle Ages, the great navigations, the conquest of America, and the “Westernization of the world”—in short, it goes back to everything that Prof. Dugin abominates and that leftist activists, subsidized by the Syndicate, the KGB, and chic third-worldism, have strived to discredit and to disparage through a cultural “dirty war”. But as Nietzsche used to say, one cannot completely destroy a thing except when one substitutes it. It is not enough to cut the West off from its roots and then accuse it of not having roots: it is necessary to insert a Eurasian graft into it and persuade the West that Eurasianism is its true roots.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">58. Revolt and post-modernism</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To return to the Tradition we need to accomplish <i>the revolt</i> against modern world and against modern West -- absolute revolt – spiritual (traditionalist) and social (socialist). The West is in agony. We need to save the world from this agony and may be to save the West from itself. <i>The Modern (and Post-Modern) West must die.</i></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><i> </i> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">How can post-modernism possibly die having such devout followers even in Vladimir Putin’s Russia? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"></div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">59. Salvation by destruction</span></span></h3><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">And if there were the real traditional values in its foundations (and they certainly were) we will save them only in the process of the global destruction of the Modernity/Hypermodernity. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Salvation by destruction” is one of the most frequent clichés of the revolutionary discourse. The French Revolution promised to save France by the destruction of the <i>Ancien Regime</i>: it brought her fall after fall, down to the condition of a second-class power. The Mexican Revolution promised to save Mexico by the destruction of the Catholic Church: it transformed that nation into a supplier of drugs to the world and of miserable people to the American social security system. The Russian Revolution promised to save Russia by the destruction of capitalism: it transformed her into a graveyard. The Chinese Revolution promised to save China by the destruction of bourgeois culture: it transformed China into a slaughterhouse. The Cuban Revolution promised to save Cuba by the destruction of imperialist usurpers: it transformed the island into a prison of beggars. Brazilian positivists promised to save Brazil by the destruction of the monarchy: they destroyed the only democracy that then existed in the continent and threw the country into a succession of coups and dictatorships which only ended in 1988, in order to give way to a modernized dictatorship under another name. Now Prof. Dugin promises to save the world by the destruction of the West. Sincerely, I prefer not to know what comes next. The revolutionary mentality, with its self-postponing promises, which are always prepared to turn into their opposites with the most innocent face in the world, is the worst scourge that has afflicted humanity. The number of its victims, from 1789 to this day, is not less than three hundred million people—more than all epidemics, natural catastrophes, and wars among nations have killed since the beginning of time. The essence of its discourse, as I believe to have already demonstrated, is the inversion of the sense of time: it consists in inventing a future and then reinterpreting, in light of this future—as if it were a certain and totally-proven premise,—the present and the past. It is a matter of inverting the normal process of knowledge, an inversion according to which the known is understood though the unknown, the certain through the dubious, the categorical through the hypothetical. It is a structural, systematic, obsessive, hypnotic falsification—a politico-cultural crystallization of “delusional interpretation.” First Prof. Dugin conceived a Eurasian Empire and then he rebuilt the history of the world as if it were a long preparation for the advent of that beautiful Eurasian thing. He is a revolutionary like any other. Just immensely more pretentious.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">60. Not even a fart’s worth of effort</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 72pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> So the best representatives of the West, of the deep and noble West should be <i>with</i> the Rest<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=349199745591016274" name="12f8a312cbc2b86d__ftnref30"></a>[30] (that is with us, Eurasians) and <i>not against</i> the Rest. It is clear that Mr. Carvalho chose the other camp pretending to choose neither. It is a pity because we need friends. But it is up to him to decide. We accept any solution – it is the inner dignity of a man to find his own path in History, Politics, Religion, and Society.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If Prof. Dugin needs allies to help him combat the Syndicate, he may count on me. But frankly, for his Eurasian Empire I will not make even a fart’s worth of effort.</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Richmond, May 23, 2011.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br />
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<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1] Aristóteles em Nova Perspectiva. Introdução à Teoria dos Quatro Discursos, Rio, Topbooks, 1996, [“Aristotle in a New Perspective. Introduction to the Theory of the Four Discourses”] and Como Vencer um Debate sem Precisar Ter Razão. A Dialética Erística de Arthur Schopenhauer, Rio, Topbooks, 1997. [“How to Win a Debate without the Need to be Right. The Eristic Dialectics of Arthur Schopenhauer”].<br />
[2] See the interview to Fronda, mentioned in the previous message.<br />
[3] A pathological framework firstly described by French psychiatrist Paul Sérieux in 1909 which is distinguished from other forms of psychotic dellusion for not bearing sensorial disturbances, but only a morbid reorganization of the data of a situation. See Paul Sérieux, Les Folies Raisonnantes, Le Delire d’Interpretation, Paris, Alcan, 1909. Available in PDF at http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=61092&p=27&do=page.<br />
[4] See Fronda, loc. cit.<br />
[5] Jerusalem, Zahavia, 1974. Volume II was published in 2002 by Jerusalem’s Zionist Book Club.<br />
[6] Eric Voegelin, Published Essays 1929-1933, Collected Works, vol. 8, University of Missouri Press, 2003, p. 238.<br />
[7] O Jardim das Aflições: De Epicuro à Ressurreição de César. Ensaio sobre o Materialismo e a Religião Civil, [“The Garden of Afflictions: From Epicurus to the Resurrection of Caesar. An Essay on Materialism and the Civil Religion.”]Rio, Diadorim, 1995 (Second edition, São Paulo, É-Realizações, 2004, pp. 107-119), available at http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/traducoes/epicurus.htm).<br />
[8] See my conference “The Structure of the Revolutionary Mind” at http://philosophyseminar.com/multimedia/video/166-the-revolutionary-mentality.html.<br />
[9] See Alexandre Douguine, Le Prophète de l’Eurasisme, Paris. Avatar Éditions, 2006, p. 133.<br />
[10] Otto Maria Carpeaux, “A política, segundo Shakespeare”, [“Politics, according to Shakespeare”] in Ensaios Reunidos 1942-1978, [Collected Essays 1942-1978] Organization, introduction, and notes by Olavo de Carvalho, Rio, Universidade da Cidade and Topbooks, Rio, 1999, vol. I, pp. 783-784.<br />
[11] See my testimony about it on the Introductory Note to A Longa Marcha da Vaca para o Brejo & Os Filhos da PUC. O Imbecil Coletivo II [“The Collective Imbecile II, The Long March of the Cow Down to the Swamp & The Sons of PUC”], Rio, Topbooks, 1998.<br />
[12] See Alexandre Douguine, Le Prophète de l’Eurasisme, op. cit., pp. 146-147.<br />
[13] Topics, 103b23.<br />
[14] Francisco Antônio de Souza, Novo Dicionário Latino-Português, [“New Dictionary Latin-Portuguese”] Porto, Lello, 1959, p. 856.<br />
[15] Not even Paul Natorp, who in 1903 presented a Kantian interpretation of Platonism, explaining the Ideas as a priori forms, came to reducing them to projections of the human mind. A priori forms, after all, are preconditions that mold the possibilities of the mind and, for this very reason, do not depend on it at all. See Plato's Theory of Ideas. An Introduction to Idealism, transl. by Vasilis Politis and John Connolly, Academia Verlag, 2004.<br />
[16] See on this the magisterial essay by Jean Borella, “Platon ou la restauration de l’intellectualité Occidentale” in http://rosamystica.kazeo.com/Platon-ou-la-restauration-de-l-intellectualite,r249002.html.<br />
[17] Symposium, 210e2.<br />
[18] Giovanni Reale, Por Uma Nova Interpretação de Platão,[Toward a New Interpretation of Plato] transl. by Marcelo Perine, São Paulo, Loyola, 1997, p. 126.<br />
[19] Phaedo, 78d1.<br />
[20] Timaeus, 47b-c. See also The Republic, X, 530d e 617b.<br />
[21] Ada Neschke-Hentschke avec la collaboration de Alexandre Etienne, Images de Platon et Lectures de Ses Oeuvres. Les Interpretations de Platon à travers les Siècles, [Images of Plato and Readings of His Works. The Interpretations of Plato Over the Centuries] Louvain-Paris, L’Institut Supérieur de Philosophie / Éditions Peeters, 1997.<br />
[22] The books on this are numerous, and the only difficulty in citing them is the embarras de choix. I randomly suggest four of the best: Alain Renaut, L’Ère de l’Individu. Contribution à l’Histoire de La Subjectivité, Paris, Gallimard, 1989; Ferdinand Alquié, La Découverte Métaphysique de l’Homme chez Descartes, Paris, P.U.F., 1950; Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self. The Making of Modern Identity, Cambridge, Mass., The Harvard Univ. Press, 1989; Georges Gusdorf, Les Sciences Humaines et la Pensée Occidentale, II: Les Origines des Sciences Humaines, Paris, Payot, 1967 (esp. pp. 484 ss.).<br />
[23] See my handout “Edmund Husserl contra o psicologismo” [“Edmund Husserls against psychologism”], an unedited transcription of classes taught in 1987 in Rio de Janeiro. Available in a pirated version at www.4shared.com/document/Xvsi6WJo/CARVALHO_Olavo_-_Edmund_Husser.htm.<br />
[24] Louis Lavelle, La Présence Totale [Total Presence], Paris, Aubier, 1934, p. 25.<br />
[25] Mário Ferreira dos Santos, Filosofia Concreta, [“Concrete Philosophy”] São Paulo, É-Realizações, 2009, p. 67.<br />
[26] V. Le Prophète de l’Eurasisme, op. cit., pp. 132-133.<br />
[27] Memoirs, Dreams, Reflections, transl. Richard and Clara Winston, New York, Pantheon Books, pp. 354 e 359.<br />
[28] This individualism does exist, indeed, but not without internal contradictions that sometimes turn it into the reverse of what it seems to be. Who can deny, for instance, that the impact of egalitarian and collectivist ideologies, apparently adverse to all individualism, ended up fomenting in the masses all sorts of individualistic ambitions reinforced by an impatient spirit of demand. Who can deny that “sexual liberation,” one of the strong points of modern leftism, awakens an anxiety of erotic satisfaction that raises selfish individualism to its ultimate consequences? Without the “collectivist” demands of feminism, no woman would have the supremely selfish pretension of “being the owner of her own body” to the point of believing in the right to kill a baby just to keep her waist slim.<br />
[29] Titus Burckhardt, La Civilización Hispano-Arabe, trad. Rosa Kuhne Brabant, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1970.<br />
[30] Elementos de Psicologia Espiritual [“Elements of Spiritual Psychology”], 1987. Unpublished, like so many other writings of mine, this work circulates in the format of a handout in the Philosophy Seminar.<br />
[31] Michel Veber, Comentários à “Metafísica Oriental” de René Guénon [Commentaries on René Guénon’s “Oriental Metaphysics”], organized, introduced, and annotated by Olavo de Carvalho, São Paulo, Speculum, 1983.<br />
[32] O Profeta da Paz. Ensaio de Interpretação Simbólica de Alguns Episódios da Vida do Profeta Mohhamed, [The Prophet of Peace. Essays of Symbolic Interpretation of Some Episodes in the Life of the Prophet Mohammed] Unpublished.<br />
[33] See http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/MEGA.HTM.<br />
[34] Fronda , March 16, 2011: http://www.fronda.pl/news/czytaj/rosja_w_cyfrach_rozpad_i_degeneracja<br />
[35] See the excellent documentary by Jean-Michel Carré, The Putin System, which can be bought at Amazon or downloaded from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D49CVOlkpQI.<br />
[36] http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/mundo/ult94u425463.shtml.<br />
[37] http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/25/us-beliefs-poll-idUSTRE73O24K20110425.<br />
<br />
[38] Jean-Marc Allemand, op. cit., pp. 117 ss.<br />
[39] http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?pageId=291121.<br />
[40] Jean-Marc Allemand, René Guénon et les Sept Tours du Diable, Paris, Guy Trédaniel, 1990, p. 20. See also Jean Robin, René Guénon. La Dernière Chance de l’Occident, Paris, Guy Trédaniel, 1983, pp. 64 ss.<br />
[41] Jean-Marc Allemand, op. cit., p. 130.<br />
[42] Jean Robin, op. cit., p. 64.<br />
[43] V. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File, Seal Beach, CA., ’76 Press, 1976, pp. 52-53.<br />
[44] See George H. Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945, Wilmington, Del., The Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1996; Lee Edwards, The Conservative Revolution. The Movement that Remade America, New York, The Free Press, 1999; Mark C. Henrie (editor), Arguing Conservatism. Four Decades of the Intercollegiate Review, Wilmington, Del., The Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2008; Robert M. Crunden (editor), The Superfluous Men. Conservative Critics of the American Culture, Wilmington, Del., ISI Books, 1999; Jeffrey Hart, The Making of the American Conservative Mind. National Review and its Times, Wilmington, Del., ISI Books, 2005.<br />
[45] Alexandre Douguine, La Grande Guerre des Continents, Paris, Avatar Éditions, 2006, p. 40.<br />
[46] See for example http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/catholic_church_shows_robust_growth_in_u.s._membership_new_report_says/.<br />
[47] And this effort should take into account that Louis Dumont himself, on whose authority Prof. Dugin’s argument rests, recognizes that individualism was already present in the Church since its beginnings. Therefore, it cannot be a later “distortion.”<br />
[48] Friedrich Heer, The Intellectual History of Europe, transl. Jonathan Steinber, New York, Doubleday, 1968, Vol. I, pp. 1-26.<br />
[49] See Michael Waltzer, The Revolution of the Saints. A Study on the Origins of Radical Politics, Harvard University Press, 1982.<br />
[50] See the classic study by Michael Davies, Liturgical Revolution, vol. I, Cranmer’s Godly Order. The Destruction of Catholicism Through Liturgical Change, revised edition, Ft. Collins (CO), Roman Catholic Books, 1995.<br />
[51] See the testimony of Michael Horowitz in http://www.aina.org/news/20101204231447.htm. Horowitz is one of the most renowned researchers of anti-Christian persecution in the world.<br />
[52] See Alexandre Soljénitsyne, Deux Siècles Ensemble. 1795-1995, Paris, Fayard, 2002, especially Vol. II, pp. 40, 50, 53, 264, 336.<br />
[53] See the memoirs of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, Prince in Prison, Brooklin, Sichos, 1997.<br />
[54] See Roy H. Schoeman, Salvation Is from the Jews. The Role of Judaism in Salvation History from Abraham to the Second Coming, San Francisco, Ignatius Press, 1995.<br />
[55] Document available at: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/g10-jews.html.<br />
[56] Le Prophète de l’Eurasisme, p. 30.<br />
[57] In fact, in the economic field he promises us the same thing: “regulation by the State of strategic sectors (industrial-military complex, natural monopolies and similar ones) and maximal economic freedom for medium and small commerce.” Note well: there is no big private industry, nor big private commerce. Small and medium commercial companies prosper under the wings of the omnipotent State. If I am not mistaken, this is what already exists in China.<br />
[58] J. R. Nyquist wrote excellent things about this in The Origins of the Fourth World War, Black Forest Press, 1999.</span></span></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-47244065281616176392011-04-24T18:02:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.406-07:00[R3] Dugin (Eng.)<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To say the truth, I am a little bit disappointed by this debate with Mr. Olavo de Carvalho. I thought I would find in him a representative of Brazilian traditionalist philosophers in the line of R.Guenon and J.Evola. But he turned out to be something different and very queer indeed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I am also sad with his hysterical and aggressive attacks against my country, my tradition and myself personally. It is something I was not prepared to meet. Knowing his manners of conduct better before, I would not have agreed to participate in such a debate – I don't like at at all this kind of hollow accusations and direct insults . So I am going to continue only because of some obligations in front of the group of gentle Brazilian young traditionalists that invited me to enter this unpleasant kind of dialogue – that in other circumstances I would prefer to avoid.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">For the beginning there are some short remarks concerning some affirmations of Mr. Carvalho.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">«Political Science, as I have said, was born at the moment when Plato and Aristotle distinguished between the discourse of political agents and the discourse of the scientific observer who seeks to understand what is going on among the agents. It is true that political agents may, over time, learn how to use certain instruments of scientific discourse for their own ends; it is also true that the scientific observer may have preferences for the politics of this or that agent. But this does nothing to alter the validity of the initial distinction: the discourse of the political agent aims to produce certain actions that favor his victory, while the discourse of the scientific observer seeks to obtain a clear view of what is at stake, by understanding the objectives and means of action of each of the agents, the general situation where the competition takes place, its most probable developments, and the meaning of such events in the larger picture of human existence.»</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The thesis is overthrown by Marx in his analysis of the ideology as the implicit basis for the science as such<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn1" name="12f8a312d37be253__ftnref1" target="_blank" title=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></a>. Not being Marxist myself, I am sure that observation is correct.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">«The function of the scientific observer becomes even more distinct from that of the agents when he neither wishes nor can take sides with any of them and keeps himself at a necessary distance in order to describe the picture with the maximum realism available to him.»</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I argue that that is simply impossible. There is no such place in the realm of thought that can be fully neutral in political terms. Every human thought is politically oriented and motivated. The will to power permeates the human nature in its depths. The distance evoked by Mr. Carvalho is ontologically impossible. Plato and Aristotle were both<i> politically engaged </i>not only in practice but also in theory.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“The photos that I attached to my first message, by way of a humorous synthesis, document all the difference between the political agent invested with global plans and means of action of imperial scale and the scientific observer not only divested of both, but firmly decided to reject them and to live without them until the end of his days, since they are unnecessary and inconvenient to the mission in life that he has chosen and that is for him the only reasonable justification for his existence.»</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The indignity demonstrated a little above against “Russian-Chinese” poles and completely ridiculous identification between the Eurasianism and the communism is the bright testimony of the extreme partiality of Mr. Carvalho. The evaluation of the major global forces is based on the presumption of the scale that could be taken as the measure – the quantity of humans killed. It is not so evident and is rather example of political anti-communist and anti-Russian propaganda than the result of “scientific analysis”. Yes, I am political agent of Eurasian <i>Weltanschauung</i>. At the same time I am political analyst and scientist. The two aspects don’t correspond fully. In my courses in the sociological faculty of Moscow State University<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span>, where I chair the department of the Sociology of International Relations, I never profess my own political views and I give always the full spectrum of the possible political interpretations of the facts, but I don’t insist on one concrete point of view, always stressing that there is a choice. At the same time this choice is not only the freedom but <i>also the obligation.</i> You are free to choose but <i>you are not free to chose not</i>. There is never such a thing as political or ideological “neutrality”. So it is quite erroneous to present Mr. Carvalho himself as “neutral” and “impartial” and myself as “engaged” and “ideologically motivated”. We are both ideologically engaged and scientifically involved. So I continue to regard our photos not as “professor vs the warrior” but rather two “professors/warriors vs each other”. Finally in the arms of Mr. Carvalho is a gun. Not a cross, for example. By the way, there are some photos of myself bearing a big orthodox cross during religious ceremonies. So, that would illustrate nothing. Our religions are different as our civilizations are.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Both professor Dugin and I are performing our respective tasks with utmost dedication, seriousness and honesty. But these tasks are not one and the same. His task is to recruit soldiers for the battle against the West and for the establishment of the universal Eurasian Empire. Mine is to attempt to understand the political situation of the world so that my readers and I are not reduced to the condition of blind men caught in the gunfire of the global combat; so that we are not dragged by the vortex of History like leaves in a storm, without ever knowing whence we came or whither we are being carried.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I agree here in one point. It is true that “to recruit soldiers for the battle against the West and for the establishment of the universal Eurasian Empire” is my goal. But it is possible only after having achieved the correct vision of the world global situation based on the accurate analysis of the balance of forces and main actors. So up to this moment Mr. Carvalho and myself we have the strictly one and the same task. If our understanding of the leading world forces and their identification differs that doesn’t mean automatically that I am motivated exclusively by political and geopolitical choice and himself by the “neutral”, purely “scientific” reasoning. We are both trying to understand the world we live in, and I presume that we both are doing it honestly. But our conclusions don’t fit. I wonder why and try to find deeper reasons than simply the obvious fact of my own ideological and political involvement. We both want to make our world better and not worse. But we both have different visions of what is the Good and Evil. And I wonder where lies difference. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I believe it is rather the result of the divergence of the mutual civilizations; we have respectively different ontologies, anthropologies and sociologies. So the culpabilization and demonization of each other is the result of the necessary mutual “<i>ethnocentric</i>” positions and not the final arguments for the choice of lesser evil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“He employs all the usual instruments of political propaganda: Manichean simplification, defamatory labeling, perfidious insinuation, the phony indignation of a culprit pretending to be a saint and, last, not least, the construction of the great Sorelian myth – or self-fulfilling prophecy – which, while pretending to describe reality, builds in the air an agglutinating symbol in hopes that the false may become true by the massive adherence of the audience.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Stressing the presumed fact of the communist Russian-Chinese “genocide” Mr. Carvalho does exactly the same game of the pure political propaganda playing on the false humanitarian sensibility of the Western audience, not remarking, by the way, the real, existing here and now, massive and planned genocide conducted in Afghanistan, Iraq or Libya by American bloody murders (I imitate here the very “scientific” style of polemic imposed by Mr. Carvalho). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">«Of course, I do not say that Professor Dugin is dishonest. But he is honestly devoting himself to a kind of combat that, by definition and ever since the world began, has been the embodiment par excellence of dishonesty.»</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This thesis I find really stupid. I don't affirm that Mr. Carvalho is stupid himself, no way, but I feel sincerely that the usurpation of the right of global moral judgment in such affairs as what is «honest» or «dishonest» fits perfectly into the old tradition of extreme stupidity. So being really clever and smart, Mr. Carvalho consciously supplies very stupid argument in order to be nearer to the American right «Christian» public he tries to influence. And one philosophic point:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Yet, the millennial philosophical technique, which those people totally ignore, teaches that the definitions of terms express only general and abstract essences, logical possibilities and not realities.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The question what reality is and how it corresponds to the “definitions” or “ideas” differs considerably in various philosophical schools. The term itself “reality” is based on the Latin word “res”, “re”, “thing”. But that word fails in Greek. By Aristotle there is no such word – he speaks about </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">pragma</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (deed), </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">energia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, but mostly about on, the being. So the «reality» as something independent (or partly dependent – in Berkley<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span>, for example) from the mind is Western post-Medieval concept and not something universal. Different cultures don't know what “the reality” means. It is a concept, nothing else. A concept among many others. Thus, to impose it as something universal and ostensive is a kind of intellectual «racism». Before speaking of the “reality” we need to study carefully the concrete culture, civilization, ethnos and language. The Sapir/Whorf rule and the tradition of the cultural anthropology of F.Boaz and structural anthropology of C.Levy-Strauss teach us to be very careful with the words that have full and evident meaning only in the concrete context. The Russian culture or the Chinese society have different understandings of «reality», «facts», «nature», «object». The corresponding words have their own meaning. The subject/object dualism is rather a specific feature of the West. The «logic essence» is the other purely Western concept. There are the other philosophies with different conceptual structures – Islamic, Hindu, Chinese. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“From a definition it is never possible to deduce that the defined thing does exist.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To prove the existence is not an easy task. Heidegger’s philosophy and before him Husserlian phenomenology tried to approach the “existence” as such with problematic success. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> “In order to do this, it is necessary to break the shell of the definition and analyze the conditions required for the existence of the thing. If these conditions do not reveal themselves to be self-contradictory, excluding in limine the possibility of existence, even then this existence is not proved. In order to arrive at that proof, it is necessary to gather from the world of experience factual data that not only corroborate the existence, but that confirm its full agreement with the defined essence, excluding the possibility that the existing thing is something very different, which coincides with the essence only in appearance.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is a kind of positivist approach completely dismissed by the structuralism and late Wittgenstein<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span>. It is philosophically ridiculous or too naïve statement. But all these considerations are details with no much importance. The whole text of Carvalho is so full of such pretentious and incorrect (or fully arbitrary) affirmations that I can not follow it any more. It is rather boring. I'd rather come to the essential point.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What Mr. Olavo de Carvalho hates?</span></u></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The text of Mr. Carvalho breaths with the deep <i>hatred</i>. It is a kind of resentment<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span> (in the Nietzsche sense) that gives him a peculiar look. The hatred is in itself fully legitimate. If we can't hate, we can't love. Indifference is much worse. So the hatred that tears Mr. Carvalho apart is to be praised. Let us now search what he hates and why he does it. Pondering on his words I come to the conclusion that <i>he hates the East as such.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">That explains the structure of his resentment. He attacks Russia and Russian holistic culture (that he dismisses with one gesture of indignation), the Orthodox Christianity (that he consider “morbid”, “nationalist” and “totalitarian”), China (with its collectivistic pattern), the Islam (that is for him the equivalent of “aggression” and “brutality”), Socialism and Communism (in the time of the cold war they were synonyms of the East), Geopolitics (which he arrogantly denies the status of science to), the hierarchy and traditional vertical order, the military values…. In his hysterical hatred toward all this he finds the goal in my person. So he hates me and makes it feel. Is he right to see in me and in Eurasianism the conscious representation of all this? Am I the East and the defender of the Eastern values? Yes, <i>it is exact</i>. So his hatred is directed correctly. Because all what he hates I love and I am ready to defend and to affirm. For me is rather difficult to insist on the greatness of my values. There are many other thinkers who methodically describe the positive sides of the East, order, holism, hierarchy and negative essence of the West and its degradation. For example, Guenon<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span>. It is sure that he hadn't much of enthusiasm regarding communism and collectivism, but the origin of the degradation of the civilization he saw <i>exclusively in the West and Western culture</i>, precisely in Western <i>individualism</i> (see «The crisis of the modern world»<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span> or «The East and the West»<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span>). It is obvious that modern Eastern societies have many negative aspects. But they are mostly the result of modernization, westernization and the perversion of the ancient traditions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In my youth (early 80-s) I was anticommunist in the Guenonian/Evolian sense. But after having known modern Western Civilization and especially after the end of Communism <i>I have changed my mind</i> and revised this traditionalism discovering the other side of the socialist society, which is the parody on the true Tradition, but nevertheless is <i>much better than absolute absence </i>of the Tradition in Modern and Post-Modern Western world. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, I love the East in general and blame the West. The West now expands itself on the planet. So the globalization is Westernization and Americanization. Thereforee, I invite all the rest to join the camp and fight Globalism, Modernity/Hypermodernity<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span>, Imperialism Yankee, liberalism, free market religion and unipolar world<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span>. These phenomena are the ultimate point of the Western path to the abyss, the final station of the evil and the almost transparent image of the antichrist/ad-dadjal/erev rav. So the West is the center of kali-yuga, its motor, its heart.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mr. Carvalho blames the East and loves the West</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. But here begins some asymmetry. I love the East as a whole including its dark sides. The love is the strong, very strong feeling. You don't love only good and pure sides of the beloved one, you love him wholly. Only such love is real one. Mr. Carvalho loves the West but not all the West, only its part. The other part he rejects. To explain his attitude in front of the East he makes appeal to the conspiracy theory. Scientifically it is inadmissible and discredits immediately Mr. Carvalho thesis but in this debate I don’t think that scientific correctness is that does mean much. I don't try to please or convince somebody. I am interested only in the truth (vincit omnia veritas). If Mr. Carvalho prefers to make use of the conspiracy theory let him do it. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The conspirology version Carvalho</span></u></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The conspiracy theory exposed by the Mr. Carvalho is however a banal and flat one. There are other many theories of a more kextravagant and brilliant kind in their idiotism. I have written thick volume on the sociology of the conspiracy theory<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span>, describing much more esthetic versions<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span> (for example assembled in the Adam Parfrey<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span> books, “extraterrestrial ruling the world”, David Icke’s<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span> “reptiles government” or R.Sh.Shaver<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span> underground «dero's» impressively evoked in the Japanese film «Marebito» by Takashi Shimitsu). But we have what we have. Let us try to find the reason why a serious Brazilian-American professor take the risk of looking a little bit loony making appeal to the conspiracy theories? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It seems that I know the answer. The serious side of this not much serious argumentation consists <i>in the necessity for Mr. Carvalho to differentiate the West he loves from the West he doesn't love.</i> So Mr. Carvalho proves to be idiosyncratic. He not only detests the East (so Eurasianism and myself), but also he hates the part of the West itself. To make the frontier in the West he uses the conspiracy and the term «Syndicate» (he could use also «Synarchy», «Global Government» and so on). Let us accept it for a while, we agree on the “Syndicate”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The description of «Syndicate» is amazingly correct. Maybe the feeling of correctness of Mr. Carvalho analysis from my side can be explained by the fact that this time I fully share the hatred of Mr. Carvalho. So I agree with the caricature description of the globalist elite and with all furious images applied to it. Here our hatred coincides. Mr. Carvalho affirms that the Syndicate takes control over the world against the will and the interest of all people, their cultures and traditions. I agree with it. Maybe the Rothschild or Fabian myths are too simplistic and ridiculous, but the essence is true. There <i>is</i> such thing as global elite and it <i>is acting</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">But this elite deals with concrete ideological, economical and geopolitical <i>infrastructure</i>. In other words this elite is historically and geographically identified and linked with special set of values and instruments. All these values and instruments are <i>absolutely Western</i>. The roots of these elite goes into the European Modernity, Enlightment and the rise of the bourgeoisie (see W.Sombart<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[16]</span>). The ideology of this elite is based on the <i>individualism</i> and <i>hyper-individualism</i> (G.Lipovetsky<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[17]</span>, L.Dumont<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[18]</span>). The economical basis of this elite is C<i>apitalism and Liberalism</i>. The ethos of this elite is <i>free competition</i>. The strategic and military support of this elite is from the first quart of the XX century <i>USA</i>, and after the end of the WWII – <i>Nord-Atlantic Alliance</i>. So the global elite, let it be called “Syndicate”, is <i>Western</i> and concretely <i>North American</i>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Eurasian war against Syndicate</span></u></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Seeing that clearly I, as the conscious representative of the East, make appeal to the humanity to consolidate all kinds of the alternatives and to resist the globalization and Westernization linked in it. I appeal first of all to Russians, my compatriots, inviting them to refuse pro-Western and pro-globalist corrupted elite that rules now my country and to come back to the spiritual Tradition of Russia (Orthodox Christianity and multi-ethnic Empire). At the same time I invite Islamic people and their community, as well as all other traditional societies (Chinese, Indian, Japanese and so on) to join the battle against the Globalization, Westernization and the Global Elite. The enemy is fighting with new means -- with post-modern informational weapons, financial instruments and global network. We should be able to fight them on the same ground and to appropriate the art of the network warfare. I sincerely hope that Latin Americans and also some honest North Americans enter in the same struggle against this elite, against the Post-Modernity and unipolarity for the Tradition, social solidarity and social justice. S.Huntington<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[19]</span> used to say the phrase «the West against the Rest». <i>I identify myself with the Rest</i> and incite it to stand up <i>against the West</i>. Exactly as first Eurasianists (N.S.Trubetskoy, P.N.Savitsky and other) did.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I think that to be concrete and operational the position of Mr. Carvalho should be rather or with us (the East and Tradition) or with them (the West and Modernity, the modernization). He refuses obviously such a choice pretending that there is a “the third position”. He prefers not to struggle but to hate. To hate the East and to hate the globalist elite. That is his personal decision or maybe the decision of some North American Christian right, but it is in any case too marginal and of no interest for me.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Loosing the rest of the coherence Mr. Carvalho tries to merge all he hates in one object. So he makes the allusion that the globalist elite and the East (Eurasianism) are linked. It is new purely personal conspiracy theory. It could enlarge the panoply of the other extravaganzas. It should sound something like this: “the globalist elite itself is directed by hidden devilish center in the East” or “the East (and socialism) is the puppet in the hands of the devilish bankers and fanatics from CFR, Trilateral and so on”. Congratulations. It is very creative. The free fantasy at work.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What Mr. Carvalho loves?</span></u></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Here I would rather finish the debates. But I think that it is possible to pay little more attention to «the positive» forces described by Carvalho as victims of the global elite. They represent <i>what Mr. Carvalho loves</i>. It is important.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">He names them: <i>Western Christianity</i> (ecumenical style – see his description of his visit to the Methodist Church, being himself Roman Catholic), <i>Zionist Jewish State</i> and <i>American nationalist right wingers</i> (I presume he excludes neocons from the list of love, because of their evident belonging to the global elite). He admires also the simple Americans of the countryside (personally I also find them rather very sympatethic). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This set of positive example is eloquent. It is trivia of the American political right. We can consider it as <i>right side of the modern West</i>. Or better “paleoconservative” side of the Modern West. Historically they are <i>losers</i> in all senses. They have lost (as P. Buchanan<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[20]</span> shows) the battle for the USA, including for the Republican party where the main positions were taken by neoconservative with clearly globalist and imperialist vision<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[21]</span> (see PNAC<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[22]</span>). They are losers in front of the globalist elite controlling now both political parties in USA. They are living in the past that immediately precedes the actual (Post-Modern and globalist) moment. But at the same time they don't have the inner strength to stand up to the Conservative Revolution<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[23]</span> - Evolian or wider European style<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[24]</span>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The yesterday of the West prepared the today of the West as global West</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. The yesterday Western values (including the Western Christianity) prepared the today hypermodern values. You can deplore this last step, but the precedent step in the same direction can not be regarded as serious alternative. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Western Christianity stressed the individual as the center of the religion and made the salvation the strictly individual affair. The Protestantism led this tendency to the logical end. Denying more and more the holistic ontology of the organic society the Western Christianity arrived with the Modernity to self-denial (deism, atheism, materialism, economism). French sociologist Luis Dumont in his excellent books «Essai sur l'Individualism»</span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[25]</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> and «Homo Aequalis»</span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[26]</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> shows that the methodological individualism is the result of the oblivion and direct purge by the Western scholastic of the early and original Greco-Roman theological tradition conserved intact in the Byzance and Eastern Church as whole. This social vision of the Church as the body of Christ in the Catholicism is more developed than in Protestantism and in the Catholicism of the Latin America more than in other places. The Catholicism was imposed here by force in the time of the colonization. But the traditional spirit of aborigine cultures and the syncretic attitude of the Spanish and Portuguese elites gave birth to the special religious form of Catholicism – more holistic than in the Europe and much more traditional than extremely individualistic Protestantism. Mr. Carvalho prefers Western kind of the Christianity that was according to L.Dumont and W.Sombart (as well as to M.Weber<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[27]</span>) the direct forerunner of Modern secularism.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Some words about the Jewish state. From the point of view of the quantity of violence the tender love of Mr.Carvalho to the Zionism is quite touching. The inconsistency of his views reaches here the apogee. I have nothing against Israel, but its cruelty in repressing the Palestinians is evident. In Israel there are traditionalists and modernists, antiglobalist forces and representatives of the global elite. The antiglobalist front is formed there by the anti-American, ant-liberal and anti-unipolar religious groups and by the left anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist circles. They can be good, that to say “Eurasian” and “Eastern”<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[28]</span>. But the Jewish State itself is not something «traditional». As a whole it is a modern capitalist and Atlantist entity and an ally of American imperialism. Israel was different at the time and could be different in the future. But in the present is rather on the other side of the battle. More than that, the conspiracy theories (Syndicate and so on) include almost always the Jewish bankers in the heart of the globalist elite or world conspiracy. Why Mr. Carvalho modernizes the conspiracy theory excluding from the main version the «Jews» rests a mystery. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">My opinion: American paleoconservatives, traditional American right are doomed. Their discourse is incoherent, weak and too idiosyncratic. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If some honest and brave people among North Americans want to fight the globalist elite as the last stage of the Western history, as the end of the history, please join our Eurasian troops. Our struggle is in some sense universal as universal is the globalist challenge. We have different traditions but defending them we confront the common enemy of any tradition. So we will explore where lie our respective zones of influence in the multipolar world <i>only after</i> our common victory over the Beast, american-atlantist-liberal-<wbr></wbr>globalist-capitalist-Post-<wbr></wbr>Modern Beast. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Once the West had its own tradition. Partly it has lost it. Partly this tradition has given the poisonous germs. The West should search in its deep ancient roots. But these roots lead to the common indo-european <i>Eurasian</i> past</span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[29]</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, the glorious past of the Scyths, Celts, Sarmats, Germans, Slavs, Hindus, Persians, Greeks, Romans and their holistic societies, warrior style hierarchical culture and spiritual mystic values that had nothing in common with present day Western mercantile capitalist degenerated civilization. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">To return to the Tradition we need to accomplish <i>the revolt</i> against modern world and against modern West -- absolute revolt – spiritual (traditionalist) and social (socialist). The West is in agony. We need to save the world from this agony and may be to save the West from itself. <i>The Modern (and Post-Modern) West must die.</i> And if there were the real traditional values in its foundations (and they certainly were) we will save them only in the process of the global destruction of the Modernity/Hypermodernity. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So the best representatives of the West, of the deep and noble West should be <i>with</i> the Rest<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[30]</span> (that is with us, Eurasians) and <i>not against</i> the Rest. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It is clear that Mr. Carvalho chose the other camp pretending to choose neither. It is a pity because we need friends. But it is up to him to decide. We accept any solution – it is the inner dignity of a man to find his own path in History, Politics, Religion, and Society.</span></div><div><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">Marx K. the German Ideology.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> More than 5 000 students receive the sociological, political science, geopolitical and IR education in our faculty.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[3]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Berkeley's Philosophical Writings, New York: Collier, 1974</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[4]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Wittgenstein </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">L.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">Philosophische</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Untersuchungen<i>.</i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1984</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">.</span></i></span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[5]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Scheler, M.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Ressentiment im Aufbau der Moralen. Frankfurt am Mein: Vittorio Klostermann, 1978</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[6]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Guenon Rene.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Orient et Occident, Paris, 1924.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[7]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Guenon Rene.</i></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> La crise du monde moderne, Paris, 1927.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[8]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Guenon Rene.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Orient et Occident, Paris, 1924.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[9]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Lipovetsky Gilles.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Les temps hypermodernes, Paris, Grasset, 2004.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Krauthammer</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB">Charles</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Universal Dominion: Toward a Unipolar World</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">//</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> National Interest, Winter 1989/90.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[11]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Dugin A. Konspirologiya. M.2005.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[12]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> See also </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Barkun, Michael, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America; University of California Press Berkeley, Los Angeles, 2003.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[13]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Apocalypse Culture edited by Adam Parfrey Amok Press, 1988; Cult Rapture: Revelations of the Apocalyptic Mind by Adam Parfrey. Feral House, 1995; End Is Near!: Visions of Apocalypse, Millennium and Utopia by Stephen Jay Gould, Roger Manley, Adam Parfrey, Dalai Lama, foreword by Rebecca Hoffberger. Dilettante Press, 1998</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[14]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">Icke</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> D.The Biggest Secret: The Book That Will Change the World. Bridge of Love Publications, 1999.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[15]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Mott, Wm. Michael, This Tragic Earth: The Art and World of Richard Sharpe Shaver, TGS/Hidden Mysteries Publishing, 2007</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[16]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Sombart W. Handler und Helden: Patriotische Besinnungen. Munich, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">1915</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[17]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Lipovetsky Gilles. L'ère du vide. Essais sur l'individualisme contemporain, Paris, Gallimard, 1983.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[18]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">umont</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Louis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Essais sur l' individualisme.Paris, Le Seuil,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;"> 2002.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: ArialMT; font-size: xx-small;"> </span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[19]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Huntington, Samuel P. The clash of civilizations? </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">//</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Foreign Affairs; Summer 1993.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[20]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Buchanan P.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization (2002</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[21]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Buchanan P. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Where the Right Went Wrong: How Neoconservatives Subverted the Reagan Revolution and Hijacked the Bush Presidency, 2004.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[22]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> <a href="http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm" target="_blank">http://www.newamericancentury.<wbr></wbr>org/statementofprinciples.htm</a></span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[23]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Evola J. Rivolta contro il mondo moderno, Roma, Edizioni Mediterranee, 1969.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[24]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Mohler Armin. Die Konservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918–1932. </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ein Handbuch. Graz, 2005</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[25]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Dumont Louis. Essais sur l' individualisme.Paris, Le Seuil, 2002.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[26]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Dumont L. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_%C3%86qualis" target="_blank"><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">Homo Æqualis</span></a></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> I: genèse et épanouissement de l'idéologie économique. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">Paris: Gallimard/BSH, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">1977</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">:Dumont</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;"> L. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_%C3%86qualis" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">Homo Æqualis</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;"> II: l'Idéologie allemande. Paris: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Gallimard</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">/BSH, 1978.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[27]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;">Weber M. The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1930.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[28]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Bromberg Yakob. Evrei y Evraziya. </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Moskva, Agraf, 2002.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[29]</span></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Benoist Alain de. </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Indo-Européens : à la recherche du foyer d'origine// Nouvelle École, 1997</span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[30]</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Benoist Alain de.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"> Europe, Tiers monde, même combat, Robert Laffont, 1986.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></a></span></div></div></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-62576781514032041022011-04-06T19:01:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.410-07:00[R2] Olavo - (Eng.)<div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"> </div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: right;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">“<i>Prestad noblemente vuestro auxilio</i></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11pt;">a los que son los menos</span></i></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11pt;">contra los que son los más</span></i><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11pt;">.”</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 11pt;">("Nobly lend your assistance</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 11pt;">to those who are the least</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0d0d0d;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 11pt;"> against those who are the greatest.")</span><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">(José <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ortega y Gasset</span>,</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">Advice to the Youth of Spain)</span></i></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: right;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 1. Our respective missions in this debate</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">1</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 2. From argumentation to pure and simple gossip</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">3</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 3. The Syndicate</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">6</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 4. Why the Syndicate wants socialism</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">8</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 5. Whose side am I on?</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">14</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 6. Individualism and collectivism</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">15</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 7. The sentiment of community solidarity in the USA</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">18</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 8. Evil deeds compared</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">21</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 9. Geopolitics and History</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">22</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="PT-BR">§ 10. The true historical agent behind Eurasianism</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">.. </span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;">25</span><span style="color: black; display: none; text-decoration: none;"></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
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</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 1. </span><span lang="EN-US">Our respective missions in this debate</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> <span style="color: black;"> Political Science, as I have said, was born at the moment when Plato and Aristotle distinguished between the discourse of political agents and the discourse of the scientific observer who seeks to understand what is going on among the agents. It is true that political agents may, over time, learn how to use certain instruments of scientific discourse for their own ends; it is also true that the scientific observer may have preferences for the politics of this or that agent. But this does nothing to alter the validity of the initial distinction: the discourse of the political agent aims to produce certain actions that favor his victory, while the discourse of the scientific observer seeks to obtain a clear view of what is at stake, by understanding the objectives and means of action of each of the agents, the general situation where the competition takes place, its most probable developments, and the meaning of such events in the larger picture of human existence. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The function of the scientific observer becomes even more distinct from that of the agents when he neither wishes nor can take sides with any of them and keeps himself at a necessary distance in order to describe the picture with the maximum realism available to him. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> From the outset of this exchange of messages with Professor Dugin, I have tried to make two points clear:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> 1. He is declaredly a political agent, and all the description he presents of the state of things is determined by the practical objectives that he seeks to achieve. It is therefore natural that he sees the world as divided in two, with a good and a bad side, and that he strives to win sympathies for the side he considers to be good, while at the same time throwing the maximum amount of hatred available against the side he considers to be bad.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> 2. On the other hand, my description of the picture presents a world divided among three main disputing forces, neither of which enjoys the least sympathy on my part, though, in terms of immediate physical danger to the human species, one of them has already demonstrated overwhelming superiority over the other two. Killing an approximate total of 140 million people in a few decades – more than all wars, epidemics, and natural catastrophes of any kind had ever killed at least since the beginning of the Christian Era –the Russians and Chinese have already proved to have a degree of truculence, wickedness, and disrespect for human life that transcends the possibilities of the most odious Islamic suicide bomber or the coldest, Machiavellian Western banker. This is a pure and simple fact, and not even all the Eurasian blather in the world can ease the scandal of the two hordes of murderers who, instead of paying for the crimes they committed against their own people, now demand, with an air of innocence, of sanctity and even of divine authority, a chance for extending those crimes to a global scale. Nevertheless, the two other globalizing currents do not seem to me to be worthy of greater admiration and respect – at the very least for having been accomplices in the Russian-Chinese genocide, one, between the 30s and the 60s, favoring with money aplenty and paternal diplomatic concessions the building of the two most deadly tyrannies of all time, the other even now, walking hand in hand, in the World Social Forum and everywhere, with the ostensible or disguised spokesmen of an ideology that their very religion condemns.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">The photos that I attached to my first message, by way of a humorous synthesis, document all the difference between the political agent invested with global plans and means of action of imperial scale and the scientific observer not only divested of both, but firmly decided to reject them and to live without them until the end of his days, since they are unnecessary and inconvenient to the mission in life that he has chosen and that is for him the only reasonable justification for his existence.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> § 2. From argumentation to pure and simple gossip</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> This asymmetry in the respective roles of the political agent and the scientific observer is then reflected in the descriptions of the world situation that both make: the first one painting it as a struggle between Good and Evil and, quite modestly, claiming to himself the role that incarnates the Good; the second one presenting it rather as a dispute among three pestiferous evils, not nurturing many illusions as to what may result for humanity in the following decades from their competition.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Both professor Dugin and I are performing our respective tasks with utmost dedication, seriousness and honesty. But these tasks are not one and the same. His task is to recruit soldiers for the battle against the West and for the establishment of the universal Eurasian Empire. Mine is to attempt to understand the political situation of the world so that my readers and I are not reduced to the condition of blind men caught in the gunfire of the global combat; so that we are not dragged by the vortex of History like leaves in a storm, without ever knowing whence we came or whither we are being carried.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The difference between the missions we have embraced determines the intellectual and verbal means used in our respective accounts. He employs all the usual instruments of political propaganda: Manichean simplification, defamatory labeling, perfidious insinuation, the phony indignation of a culprit pretending to be a saint and, last, not least, the construction of the great Sorelian myth – or self-fulfilling prophecy – which, while pretending to describe reality, builds in the air an agglutinating symbol in hopes that the false may become true by the massive adherence of the audience. For my part, all I can do is use the means of analytic clarification created by philosophy through the millennia – beginning with the very distinction between the discourses of agent and observer –, applying them to a multitude of facts gathered from the most varied sources, including those remote and poorly known to the public, and not from those of the popular media, which reflect rather the persuasive and manipulatory effort of one of the agents than a serious intent to apprehend reality. It is not a coincidence that my opponent appeals most of all to the credibility of popular media, playing with the magnetic power of established commonplace – “the unipolar world,” “American aggressiveness,” “Imperialism,” the “anarchy of the free market,” “individualism,” etc. –, without noticing two details: (1) These <i>topoi</i> are put into circulation by the same media that belongs to the Western globalist elite, and by using them as the basis of his persuasive effort, Professor Dugin accepts as supreme judge of reality the very same enemy that he himself labels as the origin of evil and the father of lies. (2) In making his anti-Americanism rest on that of the globalist media, he implicitly – but with the explosive vehemence of repressed contradictions – advocates against his explicit allegation (which I will comment later on) that globalism is Americanism, that the goal of the global elite is to increase the power and the glory of the USA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Of course, I do not say that Professor Dugin is dishonest. But he is honestly devoting himself to a kind of combat that, by definition and ever since the world began, has been the embodiment par excellence of dishonesty. In view of this, one should not find it surprising that he attempts to remodel the debate situation itself in order to force it to take his side in the great combat, such as he conceives it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> To this end, he has to falsify, first and foremost, the position of his opponent, turning me into a spokesman and follower of Western globalism, against which, nevertheless, I have written pages without end in the Brazilian media, to the point of being accused, for this reason, of being “a conspiracy theorist,” the standard defamatory label that the globalist elite uses most frequently to intimidate those who dare to investigate it.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Not satisfied with this, he has to throw against me the hostility of my compatriots, insinuating that, for living in the USA and having written some pieces in favor of American conservatism, I am something like a traitor of my homeland.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Let’s see how he brings off this <i>tour de force:</i> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> “</span><span lang="EN-US">Latin America and Brazil in particular have some social and cultural differences in comparison with the European or North American societies and cultures. And in the case of Professor de Carvalho, the fact of his living in the USA, plays an important role. Not his geographical residence, I mean, but his cultural identification. This is confirmed by the texts of Professor de Carvalho, that I’ve managed to read. They witness of his adherence to the North American tradition (in its “right” or “traditionalist” version) and of his distance from the main features of Brazilian cultural (critical) attitude towards USA. Being politically on the right wing (I presume) Professor de Carvalho castigates Latin (and Brazilian) “leftism” (le gauchisme). My sympathy in this case is rather on the Latin America’s side. Being critical in front of USA and the Western civilization as a whole, I find a lot of very charming (Eurasian) features in the South and Central American societies. So, I am in some way more pro-Brazilian than the “brazileiro puro” Professor de Carvalho, who rather defends the West as a whole and certain (conservative) sides of USA.<span style="color: black;"> </span></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">This paragraph is of a magisterial incoherence. If what matters is not my “geographical residence,” but my “cultural identification,” the fact that I live in the USA or in Zambia cannot make any difference. And if Professor Dugin mentions my place of residence while at the same time affirming that it plays no role, what does he mention it for? It serves only as an excipient for the venomous insinuation that comes next: for being as anti-American as the Brazilian left, he would be “much more pro-Brazilian” than I, as if the leftism in force in Brazil were the purest expression of patriotic culture and not the imported graft it really is. In qualifying Brazilian leftism as “Eurasian,” Professor Dugin shows, moreover, that he knows practically nothing of the Brazilian situation. Whoever has followed the great shifts in economic, legal, and cultural policy in Brazil in the last 20 years knows that all of them came ready-made from the globalist centrals – UN, WHO, UNESCO, Bilderberg, Rockefeller, Ford Foundation, George Soros, etc. In economic policy the last Brazilian governments have done nothing but faithfully follow the instructions of the World Bank. In the area of healthcare, all reforms adopted were express recommendations from the World Health Organization. The “politically correct” principles imposed by the government on the whole Brazilian society were, in turn, imposed on the government by the UN and the billion dollar foundations. And I do not need to mention the obscene joy with which the Lula Administration relinquished even parts of the Brazilian territory to international administration, against the express will of the local population. All this is widely-known in Brazil, but news does not seem to have made it to Russia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">That such an abject servitude comes together with histrionic demonstrations of anti-Americanism is the most evident proof that one can be against the USA and in favor of the globalist elite at the same time. How could it be any different if for the past half century worldwide anti-Americanism has been widely financed by this same elite?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">If Professor Dugin would point me a single bill approved in Brazil, over the past 20 years, that was inspired by him and not by the likes of Rockefeller or Soros, I will admit that Brazil is “Eurasian.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">His allegation of being “more pro-Brazilian” than I is only gossip, a puerile attempt to turn my compatriots against me, painting me as pro-American and anti-Brazilian. As a matter of fact, in the Brazilian big media I have been practically the only columnist to protest against the globalist arrogance which considers itself the owner of our territory.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">I do not hesitate to say that in the last decades Brazilian nationalism, of a noble tradition, has degraded to the point of becoming a histrionic anti-Americanism used to cover up the sacrifice of national sovereignty to the demands of globalism. In this regard, Professor Dugin is on the side of a Brazil made of <i>papier maché</i>, while I, with the modest instruments at my disposal, take up the task of defending the real homeland against enemies of flesh and blood.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">If, on the one hand, he pretends to minimize the importance of my place of residence, while at the same time stressing it to insinuate that I am anti-Brazilian and pro-American, all I have to declare is that the very contradiction of his discourse on this point reveals that hide-and-seek game typical of demagogical labeling. Must I remind Professor Dugin that the founder of National-Bolshevism himself, Eduard Limonov, lived in the USA for even longer than I; also that he wrote a novel that takes place in the USA? Why, in his case, the same criterion of “cultural identification” used for me does not apply? After having confused social position and ideological belief, Professor Dugin confuses the latter with geographical residence, to which he, at the same time and paradoxically, denies any importance. It would be nice if he could decide by which means he intends to damage my reputation: by appealing to two contradictory insinuations he only displays the vacillation characteristic of the timid gossiper who says evil things and at the same time swears not to be saying anything at all. I do not take any of this as offense – I do not know a slower soul in taking offense than mine –, I only judge that the problem we are discussing is already complicated enough without these feinting and dodging that only serve to confuse the readers.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Likewise, it does not make sense to paint me as a defender of the “West as a whole,” precisely when I am highlighting the division of this West and, in it, taking the side of those who at this moment do not hold State power in the USA or in Europe. If he would say that I defend one-half of the West against the other half, and that I accuse the latter of complicity with Eurasianism, Professor Dugin would be closer to the truth.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span></span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 3. The Syndicate</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> If he falsifies even the identity of his opponent in this debate, with what even greater ardor will Professor Dugin not do the same to his <i>bête noire, </i>Western<i> </i>globalism, which he deliberately seeks to confuse with American national power?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The globalist elite is not only a vague social class of capitalists and bankers. It is an organized entity, with continuous existence for over a century, which meets periodically to ensure the unity of its plans and the continuity of their implementation, with the minuteness and scientific precision with which an engineer controls the transmutation of his blueprint into a building.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The very expression “global elite,” which I have used, does not give an exact idea of the nature of this entity. Much better is the name suggested by the title of the book by Nicholas Hagger, <i>The Syndicate</i>.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The Syndicate is an organization of big capitalists and international bankers committed to establishing a worldwide socialist dictatorship (we will see shortly why <i>socialist</i>). There are so many documents and studies that meticulously depict its origin, history, membership, and <i>modus operandi</i> that no excuse can be accepted for ignorance in this matter, most of all from people who intend to opine about it. No, this is not an insinuation against Professor Dugin. He is perfectly informed about it, and if he commits errors in the conclusions he presents, it is not due to ignorance. It is because the essentially bellicose nature of his approach impels him to divide the panorama into two symmetrically opposed halves, falsifying the whole picture and sending to the limbo of non-existence all the facts that refute this Manichean simplification.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> So abundant is the bibliography on the Syndicate that any attempt to summarize it here would be vain. All that can be done is to indicate some essential titles, which the reader will find mentioned here and there in this exposition, and to highlight some points which are indispensable for the understanding of this debate.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">1. The Syndicate was formed more than a hundred years ago by initiative of the Rothschilds, a mutlipolar family, with branches in England, France, and Germany since at least the eighteenth century.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">2. The Syndicate gathers a few hundreds of billionaire families for the accomplishment of global plans that ensure the continuity and expansion of their power over the entire terrestrial orb. These are very long-term plans, transcending the duration of the lives of individual members of the organization and even of the historical existence of many states and nations involved in the process.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">3. The Syndicate is a dynastic organization, whose continuity of action is secured by the succession from parents to children since many generations. We will see below (§ 9 “Geopolitics and History”) that this type of continuity is the distinguishing factor between the true agent subjects of the historical process and the apparent formations, as venerable as they may be, which flutter upon the surface of epochs as Chinese shadows projected on a wall.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">4. The Syndicate acts through a multiplicity of subsidiary organizations scattered around the world, as for example the Bilderberg Group or the <i>Council on Foreign Relations, </i>but it does not<i> </i>have itself a legal identity. This is an essential condition for its agency in the world, enabling it to command innumerable political, economic, cultural, and military processes without ever being held directly accountable for the results (or by the iniquity of the means), be it before the courts, or before the court of public opinion. Having most faithful agents spread out in various governments – and in the command of some of them – it is upon these governments that falls, in the public debate, the responsibility for the decisions and actions of the Syndicate, so that states and nations used as tools become also, automatically and without the least difficulty, their scapegoats. This is the explanation why so many political decisions manifestly contrary to the interests and even to the survival of involved nations are later, paradoxically, attributed to nationalist and imperialist ambitions founded upon the “national interest.” Historical examples abound, but to remain in the present it is enough to notice that President Obama, a notorious server of the Syndicate, spent in just a week, US$ 500 million in a war effort destined to deliver the government of Libya to declared anti-American political factions, so that he can be then accused of tyrannical imposition of American power at the very instant he debilitates this power and puts it at the service of its enemies, thus becoming the target of the “anti-imperialist” fury of the latter in the very act of paternally helping them to demolish the force and the prestige of the USA. Lyndon Johnson did not do anything different than this when he dispatched American soldiers to war while at the same time tying up their hands so that they could not possibly win it, thus becoming, in the eyes of the leftist media, the supreme imperialist aggressor, when in truth he was the best secret friend of the Vietcong. The very same disgrace was produced by President Clinton when, in providing assistance to Colombia to combat the drug-trade, he imposed as a condition that “political organizations” involved in drug-trafficking be left unharmed: drug trade did not diminish, but its control was transferred from apolitical gangs to the FARC. Enriched and free of competition, the FARC could then finance the building of the São Paulo Forum and the transformation of almost the whole of Latin America in a fortress of militant anti-Americanism. Thus doubly gifted, the Latin-American left could then benefit from a fabulous increase of power and at the same time protest, with an air of indignation, against the “imperialist intervention” to which it owed the most generous favor. Examples could be multiplied <i>ad infinitum</i>.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span> This is the mode of action that is characteristic of the Syndicate: to use governments as tools for plans that harm their nations, and afterwards to still accuse them of nationalist and imperialist tyranny.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">5. Formed by families of diverse nationalities, the Syndicate is a characteristically supra-national entity, being independent and sovereign in face of any possible or imaginable national interest. A brief survey of the list of these families is enough to demonstrate it with abounding evidence. To suppose that the Onassises, the Duponts, the Agnellis, the Schiffs, the Warburgs, the Rothschilds, Prince Bernhard and Queen Beatrix of Holland, King Juan Carlos of Spain, King Harald V of Norway, are all American patriots, devoted to exalting the power and the glory of the USA is such a silly and puerile hypothesis that it does not even merit discussion. The identification of globalist power with American national interest – as in the past with the British Empire or with various colonialisms – is just the usual camouflage with which this omnipresent entity confers upon itself the advantages and comforts of relative invisibility, beating and stealing with the hands of others so as to avoid burning its fingers in the fires it sets around the world (and counting, for this purpose, on the servile collaboration of the international media, which belongs to members of the same Syndicate).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 4. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Why the Syndicate wants socialism</span></h3><br />
<h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> <span style="color: black;">All available bibliography on the Syndicate attests that its objective is the establishment of a worldwide socialist dictatorship. But people who do not know this bibliography and who, in addition, are used to reasoning based upon the usual meaning of words, without considering the dialectic tension between them and the real objects they designate, find it frightfully hard to understand that capitalists and bankers may desire socialism. After all, is socialism not the state property of the means of production? Is capitalism not private property? How could capitalists want the state to take their property away from them? Based upon this cute reasoning, which a computer program would perform as well as they, if fed with the respective terms and definitions, those creatures then deny that the Syndicate exists or resolutely affirm that it is pro-capitalist, anti-Communist, pro-American, anti-Russian, anti-Chinese and anti-Islamic. Having done that, they are ready to admit that the division of the world as it is delineated by Professor Dugin is a pure expression of reality.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Yet, the millennial philosophical technique, which those people totally ignore, teaches that the definitions of terms express only general and abstract essences, logical possibilities and not realities. From a definition it is never possible to deduce that the defined thing does exist. In order to do this, it is necessary to break the shell of the definition and analyze the conditions required for the existence of the thing. If these conditions do not reveal themselves to be self-contradictory, excluding <i>in limine</i> the possibility of existence, even then this existence is not proved. In order to arrive at that proof, it is necessary to gather from the world of experience factual data that not only corroborate the existence, but that confirm its full agreement with the defined essence, excluding the possibility that the existing thing is something very different, which coincides with the essence only in appearance.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Whoever attempts to do this with the definition of “socialism” will reach conclusions which, for the mechanical reasoner and the devout reader of popular media, will seem shocking and terrifying.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Now what is “property of the means of production”? It is not mere possession; it is legal property, the acknowledgement by legitimate state authority of the right of the owner to make use of his property as he wishes, within, of course, the limits of the law. “Private property of the means of production” means that the state guarantees this right to particular citizens wealthy enough to own a factory, a farm, a bank – the so-called “bourgeois;” “State property of the means of production” means that the state guarantees that right only to itself, ripping off the bourgeois. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> It so happens that, from the viewpoint of Marxism, which created these terms and their corresponding interpretation, the very notion of “legal property” is a bourgeois fabrication, designed to cover up crude and brutal class domination. The whole world of constitutions, laws and decrees is, according to Marxism, an “ideological superstructure” that does not make any sense in itself and can only be explained as a misleading adornment used to legitimize the exploitation of the poor by the rich. So it is necessary to investigate what is behind the idea of “legal property” in order to uncover the conditions for real, practical control – in short, the structure of power. The bourgeois does not hold the control of the means of production because he has a “legal right” to them, but because he has at his service a whole apparatus of repression, intimidation, marginalization and even physical elimination of anyone who puts his property in jeopardy, really or hypothetically. The structure of power – the order of terror – is the reality behind the legal camouflage. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> This means, first of all, that the shift of the control of the means of production, from the bourgeois class to the revolutionary vanguard, cannot ever, in any hypothesis, be a legal transfer of property. This transfer would presuppose the existence of a legal order that would legitimate it, and the socialist revolution cannot destroy only private property: it has to deny and destroy the whole legal order. Even worse: in creating a new legal order to replace the old one, it cannot, as the bourgeois, pretend to believe that it is a reality in itself. The revolution has to admit, frankly, ostensibly, that the new order is not a legal order, but raw and naked power of revolutionary force. In socialism there is no legal order above the power of the Party. This is not only so in reality, but revolutionary socialists are proud to proclaim it is so.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> In addition, in the bourgeois context, property entails some legal responsibility. The capitalist proprietor is accountable to state authority for the bad use he makes of his property – if not against proletarians, at least against other bourgeois. But to whom will an authority that is above the legal order itself be accountable? Revolutionary government cannot be a “proprietor” in the same sense that the bourgeois were. They were proprietors <i>for</i> the legal order, guaranteed by it and accountable to it. Socialist government is not a proprietor: it is an absolute controller, independent from and above any legal order.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Many decades ago the greatest minds in the socialist field already realized that this placed before them an unavoidable choice: either they created immediately an implacable, totalitarian, bloody dictatorship, of which they would never be able to rid themselves of, and that would end up sending to prison or to the firing squad the revolutionaries themselves, as it indeed happened everywhere where this alternative was chosen;<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">or, in contrast to that, it would be necessary to establish socialism by gradual and bloodless means, using as a tool the very juridico-political apparatus of bourgeois society and retaining, as much as possible, the minimal quota of legal rights and responsibilities necessary to protect, if not the population in general, at least the revolutionary elite itself.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Which of these paths was chosen? Both, with only a territorial distinction: where it was possible to take power by violence, the dictatorship was the only acceptable path; in other countries it was necessary to promote the progressive ascension of state control of the economy, without making the state the direct legal proprietor of the means of production, which would have rendered it subject to legal responsibilities and demands that could slow down and obstruct the very march towards socialism.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> It should be noted, therefore, that in neither case was one dealing with “state property of the means of production”. In socialist dictatorship, there was the brutal, direct control immune to the legal responsibilities of a proprietor. Karl Marx himself called this “raw capitalism” – something much more cruel and arbitrary than what later would be labeled as “savage capitalism”. In the other countries, where the “peaceful” strategy was adopted, the State dodged the direct responsibilities of a proprietor, while at the same time subjugating legal proprietors through fiscal, labor, sanitary, technical, controls, to the point that capitalists would become simple managers at the service of the state, shouldering moreover the legal responsibilities evaded by it. Karl Marx also predicted this possibility when teaching that the transition of property from the bourgeoisie to the state should be slow and gradual, to be carried out through indirect instruments such as progressive income taxation.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> In spite of sporadic conflicts, the two strategies have always worked in a convergent fashion. The collaboration was so close that the Fabian Society, the greatest incarnation of the “peaceful path towards socialism” in the West, received instructions directly from the Soviet government, at the very moment when, in Russia, the latter was implementing, by fire and sword, the militarized takeover of the means of production by the state.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> With time, though, those who favored the radical strategy had to agree that the growth and development of the modern state apparatus of social and economic control –under the inspiration, by the way, of socialism itself – rendered unfeasible the takeover of power through insurrectional means. Thereafter, only the “revolutions from above” were possible – the revolutions directed by the state itself, through administrative, legal, fiscal means, and police force.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Moreover, the complete nationalization of the means of production by the state proved to be unfeasible not only in practice, but even in theory. In 1922 the economist Ludwig von Mises explained that, by eliminating the free market, all prices would have to be determined by the state. Yet, on the one hand, the number of products in circulation at any given moment was too large for a state agency to calculate their prices in advance. On the other, in order to control prices the government would need to have foreknowledge of all financial resources at the public’s disposal at each moment. In short: price control implied total control of the economy, which on its turn had to begin with price control. Only a divine intelligence could overcome this vicious circle. Price control being impossible, there was no general control of the economy; therefore there was no socialism at all. The maximum that could be achieved was a nominal socialism, with a vast residual freedom of the market which could never be abolished. Though some theoreticians of socialism cried out, as for example Edvard Kardelj, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Yugoslavia, the majority had to admit, growling between their teeth, that von Mises was right. Until the end, all communist economies in the world had to bear a clandestine capitalism that came to reveal itself as a <i>sine qua non</i> condition for the survival of the regime.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> From this, two consequences followed unavoidably:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> 1) Socialism ceased to be a “regime” or a “state of affairs” to become a “process.” There was no “socialist state” to be reached once and for all, but only a “socializing State,” condemned to moving toward socialism without ever arriving at it, like an asymptote. All socialist states which have already existed have been this way, and the ones that may come to exist will be this way eternally. The definition of socialism as state property of the means of production is self-contradictory, and every attempt to implement in practice a self-contradictory theory ends up generating </span><span lang="EN">insoluble</span><span lang="EN"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">real contradictions. Conclusion: what ends up being implemented is something very different from what was defined at the outset. So is the fatal dialectics of the relations between thought and reality. The cute mechanic reasoners I mentioned at the beginning of this paragraph will never understand this.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> 2) As state controls increased in number and complexity, small businesses did not have financial resources to meet them and went bankrupt or were sold to larger companies – ever larger companies. The result: “socialism” became the mere alliance between government and big capital, in a process of centralization of economic power which favors both partners without ever risking to come up to the complete nationalization of the means of production.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The great beneficiaries of this situation are, on one hand, leftist intellectual and political elites; on the other, those I have called “metacapitalists”: capitalists that have grown so wealthy in the regime of economic freedom that they can no longer acquiesce to the fluctuations of the markets:</span></div><div style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> “If the Medieval system lasted ten centuries, Absolutism did not last more than three. Even shorter will be the reign of liberal bourgeoisie. One century of economic and political freedom was enough to make some capitalists so formidably rich that they no longer wish to submit to the whims of the markets that made them rich. They want to control them, and there are three instruments for this: dominion of the State, in order to enact the statist policies necessary to make the oligopoly eternal; stimulus to socialist and communist movements that invariably favor the growth of state power; and the drafting of an army of intellectuals who prepare public opinion to bid farewell to bourgeois freedoms and happily step into a world of omnipresent and obsessive repression (extending itself to the last details of private life and everyday speech), presented as a paradise adorned both with the abundance of capitalism and the “social justice” of communism. In this new world, the economic freedom indispensable for the functioning of the system is preserved in the strict measure necessary to subsidize the extinction of freedom in the political, social, moral, educational, cultural and religious domains.</span></div><div style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> “This way, metacapitalists change the very basis of their power. They do not rely on wealth as such, but in the control of the socio-political process. This control, freeing them from the adventurous exposition to the fluctuations of the market, makes them into a durable dynastic power, a neo-aristocracy capable of crossing unscathed the variations of fortune and the succession of generations, sheltered at the castle-fortress of the State and of international organizations. They are no longer megacapitalists: they are <i>metacapitalists</i> – the class that has transcended capitalism and transformed it into the only socialism that ever existed or will ever exist: the socialism of the grand masters and of the social engineers at their service.”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> “Socializing-socialism,” destined to replace forever an impossible “socialized socialism,” may be the hell of the majority of entrepreneurs, but it is the paradise of the biggest capitalists – precisely the billion dollar dynasties that form the Syndicate.. Eternally guaranteed by the state bureaucracy against the freedom of the market, and by the intrinsic unfeasibility of socialism against a definitive nationalization of the means of production , they are still helped in both directions by a faithful ally: technology, which, on the one hand, perfects the instruments of social control to the point of being able to determine even the private conduct of citizens without them even noticing that they are being manipulated; and, on the other hand, breathes creativity into the free market so that it can continue to grow even under oppressive state control. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Thus one can clearly understand why the mega-fortunes of the Syndicate have stimulated and subsidized socialism and leftist subversion in such a universal, obsessive, and systematic fashion, since at least the 1940s.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> It is an undeniable fact that the building of the Soviet industrial park, as well as its military force, was substantially due to American money (of the Syndicate's members), which flowed there expecting never to return. Whoever has any doubt about it should check the three volumes of the classic study by British economist Antony Sutton: <i>Western Technology and Soviet Technological Development</i> (Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1968-1973), as well as his books <i>National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union </i>(Arlington House, 1974), <i>Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution</i> (Buccaneer Books, 1999) and <i>The Best Enemy Money Can Buy</i> (Liberty House, 1986).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> René A. Wormser’s <i>Foundations: Their Power and Influence</i> (Covenent House Books, 1993) reports the work of the Reese Committee in the American Congress, which as early as in the 1950s proved the active collaboration of the major billion dollar foundations with communist and anti-American movements everywhere. That the findings of the Committee would not result in any measure being taken, be it punitive, or aimed to stop the flow of money to subversion, is the most evident proof of the power of the Syndicate to manipulate American resources against the most obvious national interests of the USA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Finally, the industrial blossoming of China since the 1990s and its transfiguration from continental slum quarter into the most powerful potential enemy of the USA would be unthinkable without the investments of the USA and without the planned self-destruction of the American industrial park.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> It is true that, after the liberalizing economic reforms of Yeltsin, Russia entered into accelerated economic decadence, from which some American capitalists profited a lot. Yet, what were Russian leaders expecting after the extinction of the communist regime? To be awarded with fantastic economic progress? The normal thing would be, instead of this, that the nation be put to work hard, with low wages, in order to pay compensation to the families of the sixty million victims of communism, like the Germans did and do with the victims of Nazism. Who prevented this from taking place? The Syndicate. Read it in Vladimir Bukovski’s <i>Jugement à Moscou</i>: big media and international organizations – two arms of the Syndicate – opposed so much resistance to judicial investigation of Soviet crimes that of all former communist countries only one, Cambodia, was able to establish a court for judging the crimes of the communist regime, and even so did it with a significant delay, thanks to the boycott lead by the UN against the initiative.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> The Russians, who are most responsible for the advent of communism, were treated in the last decades with a scandalous generosity – and they still complain that, once the murderous regime was extinct, they did not get as much money as they wanted. They did not receive, for their heinous crimes, the award they expected from the West.</span></div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="_Toc289386687"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></a></h3><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 5. Whose side am I on?</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Of course, this does not mean that I am in favor of nothing, or that I do not see positive forces acting in the world. Yet, precisely, these forces cannot be counted among the main agents in dispute, and do not have, at least at the moment, any global plan or strategy that may neutralize or disarm the three monsters. Among them I would single out: (1) Christian, Catholic or Protestant, communities from all countries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">;<span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="color: black;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> (2) The Jewish nation; (3) American conservative nationalism. Neither of the three is fighting for world domination. But the reality is quite different: by unanimous decree of the globalist blocks, all of them are singled out to die.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> If my sympathy goes to anyone, it is to these three who are sentenced to death. Not that I wish to oppose to the three projects of global domination three alternative projects which are presently anemic. If there were plans for the establishment of a Christian or Jewish or redneck world dictatorship, I would be among the first to denounce them, as I denounce the Russian-Chinese militarists, the Western oligarchs, and the apostles of the Universal Caliphate. But these plans do not exist. The fight of the three disadvantaged factions that I mentioned is not for world power: it is for pure and simple survival.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> That the extinction of Catholic-Protestant Christianity, of the state of Israel and of nationalist America is on the program of the three globalist blocks is something that does not need to be proved, so blatant is the cultural, mediatic, political and legal assault at work against these entities from three diverse and convergent directions (I will return to this on one of the next messages).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> It is also needless to prove, since it is too evident, that up to now these three communities have only responded to the attack by occasional, sporadic and totally unconnected reactions, without any comprehensive strategic coordination, be it within each of those blocks, be it, even more so, among the three of them. A worldwide united front of Christians, Jews, and American nationalists would not be a bad idea, but for now I do not see any sign pointing in this direction. It seems that the representatives of the three communities are afraid of thinking about it, imaginarily anticipating the brutal reaction of their enemies.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">On the other hand, it is known that Russia and China are the largest suppliers of weapons to terrorist movements. Why does the American government not denounce this and force the two powers, under the penalty of economic sanctions, to stop it? It is simple: the Syndicate will not permit it. No one in the globalist elite agrees to defend his country against the most harmful “allies” America ever had.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Finally, it is not necessary to highlight all the initiatives undertaken by international organizations and by various Western governments – beginning with England – to favor the Islamic invasion and debilitate, at the same time, the Christian tradition that would obviously be the sole cultural resistance possibly effective against the advance of militant Islam in Europe and the USA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">If confronted with all this facts Professor Dugin still insists that the Syndicate is the great enemy of the Russian-Chinese and Islamic blocks, it can only be for two reasons: (1) Eurasianism, as leftism, is one more trick with which the Syndicate strengthens itself by means of a fake enemy; (2) the Eurasian movement is genuine, but stems from that neurosis which is typical of the proud poor, who, in view of the help he received, feels envy and resentment rather than gratitude and, instead of returning friendship for generosity, only thinks about destroying his benefactor, taking his place and then telling the story upside-down, pretending to be a victim instead of a beneficiary.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f1e359baaba6e2_12f1115ae8f66911_12f0fc"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">It is still early to know which of the two hypotheses is true. But one thing is certain: there is no third one.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 6. Individualism and collectivism</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="OLE_LINK8"></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">I began my opening message pointing out the asymmetry between the isolated observer, who speaks only in his own name, and the leader who expresses the political will of a party, a movement, a state or group of states.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Professor Dugin saw in this the symbolic crystallization of the opposition between individualism and collectivism, West and East.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> This does not seem to me to be a correct application of the rules of symbolism, which both he and I learned in René Guénon.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> A genuine symbolism must respect the borders between different planes of reality instead of confusing them. Where Professor Dugin saw a symbol, I see only a metaphor, and a rather far-fetched one.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Individualism as the name of an ideological current is one thing; something entirely different from, and having no connection with it, is the position of a human being at the bottom, middle, or top of a hierarchy of command. From the latter one cannot deduce the former; neither can one see in the social position of an individual a “symbol” of his real or supposed ideological identity. Otherwise, every writer without support in a political organization would necessarily be a follower of ideological individualism, including the founders of National-Bolshevism, Limonov and Dugin at the time when they began to form their first ideas, alone and ignored by the world. To be an isolated individual is one thing; to be an individualist is another, whether we employ the word “individualist” in the sense of a moral habit or an ideological conviction. The implicit deduction in the “symbolism” that Professor Dugin believes to have found is a perfect <i>non sequitur</i>. Authentic symbolism, according to René Guénon, must go beyond and above logic instead of falling below its most elementary requirements.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Moreover, instead of forcefully attaching to my lapel the badge of a follower of Western individualism, Professor Dugin could have asked what I think about it. After all, freedom of expression in a debate does not consist only in the power each of the opponents has to give this or that answer to a certain question, but also, and eminently, in his possibility of rejecting the formulation of the question and reshaping the whole question from its foundations, as he sees fit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> In my most modest and individual opinion, “individualism” and “collectivism” are not the names of substantive historical entities, distinct and independent, separated as material beings in space, but rather labels that some political movements use to brand themselves and their opponents. Now, political science, as I already affirmed, was born at the moment when Plato and Aristotle began to understand the difference between the discourse of the various political agents in conflict and the discourse of the scientific observer who tries to understand the conflict (the fact that political agents would later learn to imitate the language of science does nothing to invalidate this initial distinction). Thus, our main duty in an intellectually serious debate is to analyze the terms of political discourse, to verify what real actions insinuate themselves underneath them, instead of naively taking them as direct and frank translations of effective realities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Quite clearly, the terms “individualism” and “collectivism” do not express linear and univocal principles of action, but two clusters of dialectic tensions, which manifest themselves in real contradictions every time one attempts to put in practice, as if it were possible, a linearly “individualistic” or “collectivistic” policy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> First of all, and to remain only in the most simple and banal aspects of the matter, each of these terms immediately evokes a morally positive meaning along with a negative one, and it is not possible, not even in the realm of pure semantics, to separate one meaning from the other in order to assign to each one of the terms an invariably good or bad connotation. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> “Individualism” suggests, on one hand, selfishness, indifference to your neighbor, the concentration of each one on the pursuit of his own exclusive interests; on the other, it suggests the duty to respect the integrity and the freedom of each individual, which automatically forbids that we use him as a mere instrument, and therefore places limits to the attainment of our selfish purposes.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> “Collectivism” evokes, on one hand, solidarity, the self-sacrifice that each one makes for the good of all; on the other, it evokes also the crushing of real and concrete individuals in the name of abstract and hypothetical collective benefits.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> When we go beyond mere semantics and observe the self-named “individualistic” and “collectivistic” policies in action in the world, we note that the duality of meaning built-in in the terms themselves transmutes itself into paradoxical political effects, which are the opposite of the goods or evils presumed in the use of these terms as adornments or stigmas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Old Hegel already taught that a concept only transmutes itself into concrete reality through the inversion of its abstract meaning.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> This transmutation is one of the most notable constants of human history.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"> Collectivism, as a policy of general solidarity, only realizes itself through the dissolution of individual wills in a hierarchy of command that culminates in the person of the enlightened guide – the Leader, Emperor, Führer, Father of the Peoples. Nominally incorporating into his person the transcendent forces that unify the mass of nobodies and legitimize as many sacrifices as are imposed on it, this creature, in reality, not only retains in himself all the weaknesses, limitations, and defects of his initial individuality, but almost invariably lets himself be corrupted and degraded to a point which is below the level of moral integrity of the common individual, transforming himself into a despicable mental patient. Hitler rolling on the floor in trances of persecutory mania; Stalin delighting himself in the sadistic pleasure of condemning to death his most intimate friends on the allegation of crimes they had not committed; Mao Dzedong sexually abusing hundreds of peasant girls who he had promised to defend against the lubricity of landowners, show that the political power accumulated in the hands of these individuals did not increase in a single milligram their power of self-control, it only put at their disposal the means to impose their individual whims upon the mass of de-individualized subjects. Collective solidarity culminates in the empire of the “Absolute Individual”.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1168253882" name="12f1ef3edc701fea__ftnref1"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span></span> And this individual, whom propaganda covers with all the pomp of a heaven-sent man, is never an example of sanctity, virtue, and heroism, but rather of wickedness, abjection, and cowardice. Absolute collectivism is the triumph of Absolute Egoism.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Individualism taken in its negative sense, on its turn, not only can never reach its ultimate political consequences, but it cannot even be put in practice in the realm of the most modest individual actions. The total disaffection to peers, the exclusive devotion to the pursuit of individual advantages, excludes by hypothesis the desire to share them with other people. By denying to the neighbor the benefits obtained in the egoistic activity, this hypothetic extreme individualist would exclude himself from all human interaction and would fall into the darkest solitude, becoming <i>ipso facto</i> impotent for any social activity, and therefore also for the attainment of his egoistic objectives. The type of the misanthropic usurer who locks himself up in his money bin to lonely enjoy the possession of riches that he cannot use is perhaps a good character for fairy tales and comic strips, but he cannot exist in real life. On the most daring hypothesis, the egoistic pleasure that he could attain would be to masturbate in the bathroom, refusing to take as the object of his erotic fantasy anyone else but his own person. It is the nature of things that collectivism can be carried to that extreme point where it becomes its opposite – the kingdom of the Absolute Individual –, while egoistic individualism can only be practiced within the strict limits that do not allow it to go much beyond affectation and pretense. Egoistic individualism is not a line of practical action; it is the phony justification with which an individual who is neither more nor less egoistic than the average of mankind pretends to be a tough guy. And it is obvious that even the most obdurate tough guy prefers to enjoy pleasures in the company of friends, relatives, a lover, instead of locking himself in the bathroom with his own person so he does not have to admit that he did something good to his neighbor.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">As for individualism, taken in the sense of respect and devotion to the integrity of individuals, its practice is not only viable, but constitutes the sole basis upon which one can create that environment of humanitarian solidarity that is the proclaimed goal – though never attained – of collectivism. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 7. </span><span lang="EN-US">The sentiment of community solidarity in the USA</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">It is no coincidence that the country where the freedom of individuals was most cultivated is also the country where participation in charitable and humanitarian community activities is the largest in the world. This feature of American life is largely ignored outside the USA (and totally concealed by Hollywood’s militant anti-Americanism), but I do not see any motive to believe rather in the deformed opinions and hateful fantasies of the international media industry than in what I see with my own eyes every day, and that can be confirmed anytime with substantial quantitative data. Here are some of them:<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f234cb75ce1a77__ftnref1"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">1. Americans are the people who contribute the most to charitable causes in the world. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">2. The USA is the only country where individual contributions to charitable causes surpass total government aid.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">3. Among the 12 peoples who give the most in voluntary contributions – USA, UK, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, the Netherlands, Singapore, New Zealand, Turkey, Germany, and France –, American contributions are more than twice those of the runner-up (UK). If any smart guy wishes to diminish the importance of these figures, alleging that “they give more because they are richer,” he better forget it: the contributions are not ranked in absolute numbers, but as a percentage of GDP. Americans simply pull out more of their own pocket to help the poor and the sick, even in enemy countries. The most solidary Russia and China do not even make it to the list.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">4. Americans adopt more orphan children – including from enemy countries – <i>than all other peoples of the world combined.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">5. Americans are the only people who, in every war they fight, rebuild the economy of the defeated country, even at the cost of making it a trade competitor and a powerful enemy in the diplomatic field. Compare what the USA did in France, Italy, Germany, and Japan with what China did in Tibet, or Russia in Afghanistan (details in subsequent messages).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">6. Americans do not offer only their money to the poor and the needy. They give them their time in the form of voluntary work. Voluntary work is one of the oldest and most solid American institutions. Half of the American population dedicates its time to work for free for hospitals, childcare centers, orphanages, prisons, etc. What other people in the world has made active compassion an essential element of its style of existence?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">7. In</span><span lang="EN-US"> addition, the value attributed by American society to works of generosity and compassion is such that no big shot in finance or industry may dodge the duty of making immense annual contributions to universities, hospitals, etc., because if he refuses to do it, he will be immediately downgraded from the status of honored citizen to that of public enemy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Professor Dugin opposes American individualism to Russian-Chinese “holism”. He says that in the first one people only act according to their individual preferences, while in the second they integrate themselves into the greater objectives proposed by the government. Yet, quite clearly, the governments of Russia and China have proposed to their peoples rather to kill their peers than to help them: no charitable work, in Russia or China, ever had the dimensions, the cost, the power and the social importance of the Gulag, of the Laogai, and the secret police, tentacular organizations in charge of controlling all sectors of social life through oppression and terror.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Secondly, it is true that Americans do not do good because they are forced to by the government, but because they are stimulated to do it by the Christian values they believe in. Freedom of consciousness, instead of degenerating into sheer anarchy and the war of all against all, is moderated and channeled by the unity of Christian culture which, notwithstanding all the efforts of the globalist elite to destroy it, is still hegemonic in the USA. John Adams, the second president of the USA, already said that a Constitution such as the American, granting civil, economic, and political freedom to all, was made only for a moral and religious people and no other. The proof that he was right is that, as soon as the principles of Christian morality began to be corroded from above, by the action of the government allied to the globalist forces and to the international left which Professor Dugin so much praises as the moral reserve of humanity, the environment of honesty and puritan rigidity that prevailed in the American business world gave way to an epidemic of frauds as never before seen in the history of the country. The phenomenon is abundantly documented in Tamar Frankel’s book <i>Trust and Honesty: America's Business Culture at a Crossroad</i> (Oxford University Press, 2006).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">What I say is not based on statistics alone. I have lived for six years in this country and here I am treated with an affection and understanding that no Brazilian, Russian, French, German, or Argentinean ever enjoyed in his own country. As soon as I settled in these boondocks in Virginia, neighbors appeared from everywhere bringing cakes and gifts, offering to take our kids to school, to introduce us to the church of our preference, to show us the interesting places in the region, to help us solve bureaucratic problems, and so on. <i>Good neighborhood</i> is not an advertising slogan. It is a living reality. It is an American institution, which does not exist anywhere else in the world and was not created by the government. It comes from the time of the Jamestown Colony (1602). Though my family and I are Catholics, the first place we visited here was a Methodist Church, the one closest to my home. Just guess what the faithful were doing when we arrived there. They were collecting money for the “street children”… in Brazil! And the collection of donations was accompanied by speeches and exhortations able to break anyone’s heart. I felt ashamed to tell those people that, according to official studies, the majority of Brazilian “street children” has a home, and a father and a mother, and the only reason they live on the streets is because they like it. American compassion ignores the lies and shamelessness of many of its foreign beneficiaries: it arises from the naïve belief that all the children of God are, at least deep inside, faithful to the Father.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Americans are shy and always have the impression that they are bothering you. Soon after the initial reception, they prefer to keep a distance, not to meddle in your life. They only come close if you invite them to do so. “I don’t want to impose” is an almost obligatory sentence when they visit someone. But if you have any problem, any difficulty, they will make haste to help you with the solicitude of old friends. And this is not only with the newly arrived. Sometimes it is the Americans themselves who, used to hearing bad things about their people, get surprised when they find an </span><span lang="EN">inexhaustible</span><span lang="EN-US"> reserve of goodness in the hearts of their fellow countrymen. Read this testimony by Bruce Whitsitt, a champion in martial arts who every now and then writes for the <i>American Thinker:</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">“</span><i><span lang="EN-US">Both before and after Dad died, good Samaritans came out of nowhere to offer aid and comfort. I discovered that my parents were surrounded by neighbors who had known them and cared about them for many years… </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US">After it was all over, I was struck by the unbelievable kindness of everyone who helped. </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US">At the end of the day, this tragedy reopened my eyes to the deep-running goodness of Americans. So many people in this country are decent and good simply because they have grown up in the United States of America, a society that encourages charity and neighborliness. Decency is not an accident; in countries such as the old Soviet Union, indifference was rampant and kindness rare because virtue was crushed at every turn. America, on the other hand, has cultivated freedom and virtuous behavior, which allows goodness to flourish. Even in Los Angeles -- that city of fallen angels, the last place on earth where I would have expected it -- I experienced compassionate goodness firsthand.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Goodness is not something that a beneficent government can bestow; it flows from the hearts of free citizens reared in a tradition of morality, independence, and resourcefulness</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f234cb75ce1a77__ftnref2"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">The American nation was founded upon the idea that the unifying principle of society is not the government, the armed state bureaucracy, but society itself, in its culture, its religion, its traditions, and in its moral values. Professor Dugin, who does not seem to conceive of other model of social control aside from Russian imperial theocracy, where the police and the Church (and later the Party) act hand in hand to fetter the people, can only imagine the USA as a <i>selva selvaggia</i> of conflicting egoisms, proving that he knows nothing about American life.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Perhaps there is no other country in the world where the sense of solidary community is as strong as in the USA. Whoever has lived here for some time knows this and will be at least surprised by the presumption that China or Russia are, in this aspect, models that Americans should copy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">It is also true that this sense of community can only flourish in an environment of freedom, where the government does not impose upon society any “holistic” model of official goodness. The biggest proof of this is the open conflict that today exists between what Marvin Olasky, in a classic book, called “old compassion” and the state charity that for four decades has been trying to replace it. Wherever the latter has prevailed, crime rates go up, families are dissolved, and selfish individualism stifles the spirit of goodness inherent to traditional libertarian individualism <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[12]</span></span></span> It was not only in books like Olasky’s that I learned this. I see it everyday with my own eyes. In Virginia, where the black population is proportionally as large as Brazil’s, the difference in conduct between older black people and the younger ones strikes every visitor. The former are the gentlest people in the world, they have a kind of natural elegance that is the exact balance between humility and uprightness. The youth are irritable, arrogant, and ready to exhibit a superiority that does not exist, to feel offended by any foolishness and to call whites to a fight without the least motive. Where does the difference come from? The old ones were raised in the environment of old compassion, while the young ones grew up in the environment of state welfarism that poisons them with “politically correct” resentment.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Life in the countryside in the USA is the best proof that community solidarity has nothing to do with state collectivism and is even contrary to it. The more "holistic” intervention there is, the more natural bonds are undone, the more people get away from each other, the more the “society of confidence” of which Alain Peyrefitte<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f234cb75ce1a77__ftnref4"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[13]</span></span></span> spoke allows itself to be replaced by the society of suspicion, of mutual hostility, of hatred and of group exclusivism. It is that path that leads, ultimately, to the Police State. Professor Dugin knows this perfectly well, so much so that his defense of “holism” against “individualism” culminated in an open and frank apology of the dictatorial regime as a model for the whole world. </span></div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" /> § 8. Evil deeds compared</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Professsor Dugin also says that even though I sufficiently expose the sins of the KGB, of the Communist Party, and of Al-Qaeda, I do not mention the crimes of America, as “Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, the bombing of Serbia”. He asks me what I have to say about this<span style="color: black;">.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Now, what I have to say are two things:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">First: Do the math. –</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> According to Professor R. J. Rummel, who is probably the most respected expert in the matter, the number of victims of all violent actions in which the American government was involved <b>from 1900 to 1987 </b>is 1,634,000 people (this includes two world wars, with Hiroshima and Nagasaki included, plus the Vietnam war, and all military interventions abroad). The USSR, in a shorter period, <b>from 1917 to 1987</b>, killed 61,911,000, and China, <b>from 1949 to 1987 only</b>, killed 76,702,000. It is a matter of elementary arithmetic to conclude that American individualists, at worst, are one hundred times less murderous than the solidary Russians and Chinese. No human brain in its normal functioning can judge that the levels of dangerousness are equal on all sides. In order of deadly threats that </span><span lang="EN-US">hang <span style="color: black;">over the human race, China comes first, Russia ranks second, and the USA one hundredth. When humankind has rid itself of ninety nine of its armed enemies, I will begin to worry about the much trumpeted “American aggressiveness.” Professor Dugin seeks to draw attention to the latter, inflating it through words, in order to invert the hierarchy of reasonable precautions and try to cover up the actions of the true agents of genocide, of the true enemies of the human race.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Second: Look at the map. – </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">The totality of the victims of the USA is made up of foreigners, killed in combat in enemy soil. In counting the victims of China and Russia, I purposefully excluded military casualties: the numbers, therefore, refer to unarmed civilians, murdered in times of peace by their own governments. When the government of the USA, in time of peace, begins to kill American citizens by the millions, by reason of mere political disagreement, I will be as concerned with this as Professor Dugin should now be with the Tibetans, murdered in bulk by the Chinese and forbidden to freely practice their national religion.</span></div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 9. Geopo</span><span lang="EN-US">litics and history</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Further on, Professor Dugin defends geopolitics against my ostensive downplaying of this science or pseudoscience. With good reason, he asks me for an explanation about it. Here it goes:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">My problem with geopolitics is that, while it provides a relatively accurate description of the state of affairs at each moment, it conceals the decisive causes of historical happening under a phantasmagoria of geographical entities covered over with an appearance of having a life of their own.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">The figures that the practitioner of geopolitics projects on the map, with the names of nations, states, empires, power zones, etc., giving the impression that these entities act and constitute the true characters of history, are only the crystallized result of the actions of much deeper and more durable historical forces. Those figures move about on the screen as Chinese shadows, giving the impression that they have a life of their own, but they are only names and disguises of agents that are very different from them.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">I have already explained this point in my class handouts, “Method in the social sciences,” and “Who is the subject of history,” and here I cannot but summarize them in a drastic and somewhat rough fashion. The basic questions are: (1) What is historical action? (2) Who is the subject of history?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Action is a deliberate change of a state of affairs. Every action presupposes (a) the temporal continuity of the subject; (b) the unity and continuity of his intentions, such as they reveal themselves in the sequence that goes from a plan to its accomplished effects.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">All transformations in the historical scene result from human actions, but these actions mutually mix, hinder, neutralize, and modify themselves, so that nobody controls the process. Mixed actions do not have a determinate acting subject, since they result precisely from the impossibility of a single agent to make his objectives prevail over the others’. These are transformations, but not properly actions. We can only speak of “historical action,” in a strict sense, when a determinate agent succeeds in controlling, to the extent possible, the situation as a whole and, following an identifiable line of continuity, imposes a deliberate course to the process.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Examples of historical action are the crossing of the Red Sea by the Jews, the Christianization of Europe by the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation, the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and the Chinese Revolution. In all these cases, a determinate agent managed to control the process, preventing his actions from being neutralized by the interference of other agents, and therefore to arrive at results which are approximately identical to the ones willed for. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">History is composed of two kinds of processes: controlled and uncontrolled ones. Only the first ones are historical actions and have a determinate agent. The second ones have multiple subjects, do not follow a predeterminate course and nobody can allege to be the author of the results achieved.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">In second place, one can only call historical action that which produces long-lasting results beyond the lifespan of the individual agents involved in it. Durability in time is the hallmark of historic action. Whatever melts into air before the death of the individual agent only enters history, precisely, as a frustrated action, dissolved into the general mass of concomitant or subsequent actions, and incapable of imposing a course to events.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Now, the second question: Who can be an agent of a historical action? States? Nations? Empires? Of course not. These entities result from the combination of heterogeneous forces which struggle to dominate them from within. They do not have their own will, but they reflect, at each moment, the will of a dominant group, which may be replaced by another in the next moment. A state, nation or empire is an apparent agent, manipulated by other, more durable, more stable agents, capable of dominating it and using it for their objectives, which frequently transcend even the duration of the national, state and imperial formations which they utilized. An expression such as “History of Brazil” or “History of Russia” is only a metonymy, which denominates as the subject of an action the mere geographical area where the action took place. Of course, following the narrative over several centuries, it is possible to pick up some constants, which will give an appearance of unity of action to what is just the recurrence of impersonal, mixed causes, which are beyond anybody’s control. Strictly speaking, one is not dealing with an “action,” but with the simple unpremeditated result of thousands of unconnected and heterogeneous actions and reactions. For example, one notes that since the Revolution of 1789, France has increasingly lost prestige and power, but this certainly was not in the plans of the monarchy, nor of the revolutionaries, nor of the republican governments that followed since then. This process, like other similar ones, is not an action; it does not have a subject, it has only passive objects which suffer it without being able to control it and, more often than not, without even being able to understand the line of causes and consequences that drags them as leaves blown by the wind.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Clearly, historical action cannot be understood through the same methods used to study an unpremeditated causal process. In the case of the latter, it is necessary to reconstitute the various unconnected actions and verify how they came to produce a result that no one could control. In the case of historical action, there is at the beginning of the process a deliberate project; in the duration of its course, a sequence of coherent actions, adjustments, and readjustments that lead the process to a determinate end. The rationality of historical action is that of means and ends, while the rationality of uncontrolled processes is an interpretative conjecture designed <i>a posteriori</i> by a historian, often as an attempt to confer meaning to what is meaningless. In this process, the interpreter of historical events may be led to attribute substantial unity – and therefore capacity for historical action – to composite pseudo-agents, without a unifying will, such as nations, states, social classes, and even geographical features.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">As with nations, “social classes” cannot be historical agents. None of them has had and will never have a unity of purposes able to follow a coherent plan of action through two, three, four generations.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">To be a historical agent, the group or entity must:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> (a) Nurture permanent or long-term objectives.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(b)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Be capable of continuing the pursuit of these objectives beyond the lifespan of its individual agents, beyond the duration of the present state of affairs, and beyond the duration of even the states, nations and empires involved. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(c)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Be capable, therefore, of reproducing individual agents able to continue the action through the centuries and to adapt the original plans to the different situations that may emerge without losing view of the initial goals.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Only the following entities fulfill these conditions:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(1)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">The great universal religions.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(2)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Initiatory and esoteric organizations.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(3)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Royal and noble dynasties and similar entities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(4)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Ideologically revolutionary movements and parties.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">(5)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Spiritual agents: God, angels, and demons.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Everything, absolutely everything that happens in the historical scene either comes from one of these forces, or is the result of an uncontrolled combination of forces. The very creation and dissolution of nations, states, and empires derive from this – which means, ultimately, that these entities are not acting subjects, but results, and for this very reason also instruments of the agency of forces that transcend, comprehend, and determine them. These forces are constituted either by genuine historical agents, or by the uncontrolled combination of diverse actions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Already in the first page of his classic work, <i>General Theory of the State</i>, the great Georg Jellinek taught that: “The phenomena of human social life are divided into two classes: those that are essentially determined by a directing will, and those that exist or may exist without an organization due to acts of the will. The first ones are necessarily subjected to a plan, an order; they emanate from a conscious will, in opposition to the second ones, whose order rests on very different forces.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f27edf8533d761__ftnref1"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">From this warning some unavoidable methodological rules must be deduced:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">1) Never confuse the two types of processes, and never indistinctly apply to one the explicative concepts developed for the other.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">2) Do not forget that uncontrolled processes also result, at least in part, from deliberate, though partial, actions, which intermingle and modify each other without an overall control.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Breaking rule number 1 is the primordial occupation of the interpreters mentioned above, chiefly those who seek to identify, under the heteroclite mass of events, a “meaning of history.” At the least sign of a consistency, a similarity, an analogical repetition in the long-term results of uncontrolled actions, these metaphysicians of pseudo-being are ready to discover there unconscious premeditations, collective intentions and, in short, to attribute the unity of action of the true subjects to collective phantasms, to abstractions, and to <i>entia rationis</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><h3 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">§ 10. </span><span lang="EN-US">The true historical agent behind Eurasianism</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">An example of historical force that infinitely transcends the borders and the duration of states and empires is the Orthodox Church, of which Professor Dugin says he is a believer. She gave cultural unity and content to the empire of Kiev. She survived it when the Muscovite center of power established a new empire. She survived the fall of this empire and the six decades of terror that followed, and came out of it unscathed to the point of inspiring Professor Dugin with a new Russian imperial project. The successive national and state formations which appeared and disappeared from the Russian map during this history are only shadows that the gigantic body of the Orthodox Church projects over the Eastern world, preserving her unity of purpose while the political forces come into being and melt into air as bubbles of soap. Professor Dugin: look at your Church, and you will know what a historical agent is. Geopolitical unities are born out of the initiative of historical agents, and they only appear to act by themselves because the genuine agents, besides being by nature discrete, act according to a deeper rhythm, slower than the very formation and dissolution of geopolitical unities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">The strength of the Orthodox Church as a historical agent has penetrated deeply into the mind of Professor Dugin, shaping his “holistic” notion of theocratic empire. He does not conceive of the empire but as a structure emanated from the Church and united to her, symbolically, in the person of the Czar. In an interview given in 1998 to a Polish magazine<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=6257678151403204102" name="12f282b51de9f87e__ftnref1"></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">[15]</span></span></span> he qualifies as “heresy” the distinction between Church and Empire that shaped Western civilization. But without this separation, the only hypothesis left is that the borders of religious expansion coincide with the map of the empire with pinpoint accuracy. Now, the various empires and imperial nations existing in history have always had well-defined borders that separated them from other empires and independent nations. In this case, the imperial religion becomes only an expanded national religion. What is then the Czar? One of two things: either he is the head of a mere national religion having no possibility of expanding itself beyond its borders and looking with deadly envy at the expansion of her Western competitor, or, alternatively, if he wants his religion to impose itself as universal belief, he has to invade all countries and become the emperor of the world. Both the National-Bolshevik project and its Eurasian version are born from an internal contradiction of the Russian imperial religion. The Eurasian project is the only way out for the Orthodox Church if she does not want to remain confined to the limits of the Russian nation, failing in her declared mission as a universal religion. Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church can expand comfortably to the last frontiers of Paraguay and China without the need to carry an empire on its back. And that was, in fact, what happened, while the Orthodox Church, through the medium of Professor Dugin, is still looking for an exit leading to the world and does not see other means of finding it but to constitute herself into a World Empire. All the world of ideas of Professor Dugin is a reflex of an inner, structural drama of the Orthodox Church. All the talk about geopolitical borders is only a strategic arrangement to try, once again, to fulfill the impossible dream of this grand and portentous historical agent which, in choosing to be an imperial religion, condemned herself to either remain imprisoned within national borders, or begin a world war.</span></div><div><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> Among the readers, there were some – fortunately only a few – who were fool enough to interpret those photos as <i>captatio benevolentiae, </i>without noticing<i> </i>that they are the most exact and realistic humorous translation of a pure and simple fact (which on its turn illustrates without the least rhetorical emphasis the fundamental Platonic-Aristotelian distinction), and even as an indication of self-pity, as if I were regretting, and not thanking the heavens, the nullity of my stockpile of weapons of mass destruction and other instruments of war action that abound in the hands of my opponent. I wonder where I could hide, in my home’s garden, an arsenal of atomic bombs and some tons of chemical weapons, and to whom could I sell all this junk in the case that a world war does not happen.</span></div></div><div id="ftn2"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1168253827"> </a>It is true that he says that, if there are two Americas, one of them, the one I defend, is “purely virtual,” that is, “only a possibility,” and only the other one exercises significant political action. But the value of this reasoning is demonstrated by him later, when he says that, from the three globalist groups I distinguished, only one is politically active and relevant, while the other two, poor things, are only striving to defend themselves. If being limited to defensive attitudes before a greater power is the same that being only a possibility, then this reasoning should not apply only to conservative America, but to the Russian-Chinese and the Islamic blocks. In my understanding, the lesser power enjoyed by a faction does not turn it into a merely possible faction, because it is from the weaker factions that comes, in the course of time, the great historical changes. If the two anti-Western blocks are fighting to dislodge a more powerful enemy, the same is being done by conservative America, comprised today of at least half of American voters. It would be great if Professor Dugin would use the terms “real” and “possible (virtual)” in a more serious fashion, instead of employing them to erase from the picture the factors that debilitate his argument.</span></div></div><div id="ftn3"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> Nicholas Hagger, <i>The Syndicate. The Story of the Coming World Government</i>, Ropley, Hants (UK), O-Books, 2004.</span></div></div><div id="ftn4"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> And these are not only isolated examples. This has been the overall strategy of the Syndicate in its relations with the American government since many decades: to destroy the power, the economy, and the sovereignty of the USA through measures that will later be attributed to an exactly opposite motivation and imputed to “Yankee imperialistic voracity.”. See for instance the succession of global monetary agreements celebrated since Bretton Woods (1944). All of them are explained as stages in the process of domination of the world economy by the USA. It is nothing more than an interpretation, but one that for being so often repeated conceals and makes invisible the hard fact that, when these agreements began, the USA was the largest creditor in the world; today it is the largest debtor, at the brink of bankruptcy. If it is true that “by their fruits you shall know them,” then the obvious truth is that the power of the Syndicate and of the USA do not grow in direct, but rather in inverse proportion.</span></div></div><div id="ftn5"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> This alternative entailed, in addition, the creation of a more powerful and indestructible ruling class than the bourgeoisie itself ever was.</span></div></div><div id="ftn6"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span>Olavo de Carvalho, “História de quinze séculos” [“History of Fifteen Centuries”], <i>Jornal da Tarde</i> (Sao Paulo), June 17, 2004, available at: <a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/semana/040617jt.htm" target="_blank">www.olavodecarvalho.org/semana/040617jt.htm</a>.</div></div><div id="ftn7"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> Particularly those in Africa and Asia, which today flow to Europe and North America, in a heroic effort to re-Christianize those who one day had Christianized them. By the way, the priest of my parish is an African from Uganda.</span></div></div><div id="ftn8"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> Additional explanations on this and other topics of this message were given in my lecture number 99 (March 26, 2011), ,as part of a weekly seminar course on philosophy. The transcription is available at: </span><a href="http://www.seminariodefilosofia.org/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">www.seminariodefilosofia.org</span></a> <span lang="EN-US">and </span><a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">www.olavodecarvalho.org</span></a><span lang="EN-US">.</span></div></div><div id="ftn9"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> The term is from Julius Evola, but here I use it in a sense that is not necessarily his.</span></div></div><div id="ftn10"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> See The Center on Philantropy, Indiana University, <i>Giving USA 2010. The Annual Report on Philantropy for the Year 2009</i>, Giving USA Foundation, 2010; The Center for Global Prosperity, Hudson Institute, <i>The Index of Global Philantropy and Remittances</i>, Hudson Institute, 2010; Charities Aid Foundation, <i>International Comparisons of Charitable Giving</i>, 2006; Virginia A. Hodgkinson at al., <i>Giving and Volunteering in the United States. Findings from a National Survey Conduced by The Gallup Organization</i>, Washington D. C., Independent Sector, 1999; Lori Carangelo, <i>The Ultimate Search Book: Worldwide Adoption, Genealogy and Other Secrets</i>, Baltimore (MD), Clearfield, 2011.</span></div></div><div id="ftn11"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> “The great goodness of America”, in: <i><a href="http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/01/the_great_goodness_of_america_1.html" target="_blank">http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/01/ the_great_goodness_of_america_1.html</a></i><b>.</b></span></div></div><div id="ftn12"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> See Marvin Olasky, <i>The Tragedy of American Compassion</i>, Wheaton, IL, Crossway Books, 1992 (republished 2008).</span></div></div><div id="ftn13"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[13]</span></span></span></span><span lang="ES"> Alain Peyrefitte, <i>La Societé</i><i> de Confiance. </i></span><i><span lang="EN-US">Essai sur les Origines et la Nature du Développement</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, Paris, Odile Jacob, 1995.</span></div></div><div id="ftn14"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[14]</span></span></span></span><span lang="ES"> Georg Jellinek, <i>Teoría General del Estado</i>, translated by Fernando de los Rios, México, FCE, 2004, p. 55.</span></div></div><div id="ftn15"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;">[15]</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"> Interview given to Grzegorz Górny, <i>Fronda</i> (Warsaw), December 11, 1998.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><br />
</a></b> </span></div></div></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-75360495809348728592011-03-20T19:52:00.000-07:002012-09-09T04:39:58.412-07:00[R1] Dugin (Eng.)<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">THE WEST AGAINST THE REST</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> By A.Dugin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Answering the interesting and very relevant text of Professor Olavo de Carvalho, I would like to stress some important points:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Individualism and holism</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">First of all, it seems clear to me that our discussion (if the term “debate” doesn’t fit exactly here -- as Professor de Carvalho has pointed out) is something more than the exchange of the opinions of the two isolated individuals. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There is something very symbolic in the accentuation of a certain asymmetry in our mutual positions, noted by Professor de Carvalho at the beginning of his introductory text. Describing this asymmetry, he defines himself as <i>a pure individuality that can speak only in his own name, expressing a highly personal point of view</i>. He isn't speaking on the name of anything except himself: he wants to stress this point from the very beginning. At the same time he tries to construct the opposite image of my person, underlining the fact of my implication in the political, public and scientific circles and my involvement in concrete politics and in the process of decision making and ideological struggle. It seems to be a correct observation, but it has one less evident dimension. Speaking so, Professor Olavo de Carvalho drives our attention to the really existing differences between the Western and the Russian (Eurasian) civilizations. The metaphysical basis of the West is individualism. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The French sociologist Louis Dumont in his works – «Essai sur l'individualism</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">», «Homo Aequalis I<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></a>» and «Homo Aequalis II<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a>» -- has described clearly enough the individualistic nature of the Western society and Western civilization from the Middle Ages until now. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, accentuating purely personal position in our debates, Professor Olavo de Carvalho is acting in accordance with most general and «collectivist» manner, reflecting the social particularity of Western culture and system of values. For the Western man a declaration of individualism is a natural thing (socially defined), and, being a «natural» thing, it is social and therefore more than individualistic. In other words, individualism is a common feature of the West. So there is little of «individual» in individualism, it is rather a stereotype.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The same stereotype is clearly seen in the projection of the opposite identity on the representatives of Russian (Eurasian) society. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This identity should be collectivist a priori, manifesting holistic or totalitarian (in the case of pejorative attitude) features. And Professor de Carvalho finds easily the confirmation of such projection in the biographical details of his <i>vis-a-vis</i>. The context is thus well defined and the mutual photos add to it more visual expression. The “hunter” vs the “soldier”. The “lonely man” vs the “collective man”. The “West” against the “Rest”. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I accept it fully and agree to recognise the fact that our Russian (Eurasian) individuation consists in the desire to manifest something more general than our individual features. So, being a collective entity (the Russian name «sobornost'» fits here better) for me is rather an honour. The more holistic is my position, the better it is. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">That is precisely the symbolic dimension mentioned earlier. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">In the debate of two personalities there are two massive structures of different civilizations, different systems of values that affront each other through us. The Western individualism confronts the Russian (Eurasian) holism. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Here we need to make one precision. As far as I understand, Brazilian society and Brazilian culture are not fully Western and individualistic. There are many collectivist and holistic features in them. So, Latin America and Brazil in particular have some social and cultural differences in comparison with the European or North American societies and cultures. And in the case of Professor de Carvalho, the fact of his living in the USA, plays an important role. Not his geographical residence, I mean, but his cultural identification. This is confirmed by the texts of Professor de Carvalho, that I’ve managed to read. They witness of his adherence to the North American tradition (in its “right” or “traditionalist” version) and of his distance from the main features of Brazilian cultural (critical) attitude towards USA. Being politically on the right wing (I presume) Professor de Carvalho castigates Latin (and Brazilian) “leftism” (le gauchisme). My sympathy in this case is rather on the Latin America’s side. Being critical in front of USA and the Western civilization as a whole, I find a lot of very charming (Eurasian) features in the South and Central American societies. So, I am in some way more pro-Brazilian than the “brazileiro puro” Professor de Carvalho, who rather defends the West as a whole and certain (conservative) sides of USA. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Having stressed this point, we can proceed to the other arguments of Professor de Carvalho. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Three global projects</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">First of all let us consider the three projects of global dominance, described by him. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Not being convinced that they give the correct vision of main geopolitical trends in the contemporary world, I can recognise some realistic features in that picture. Professor de Carvalho describes it explicitly:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“The agents that personify these projects today are respectively:</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. The ruling elite of Russia and China, especially the secret services of those two countries.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. The Western finance elite, as represented especially in the Bilderberg Club, the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. The Muslim Brotherhood, the religious leaders of several Islamic countries and some Muslim countries governments.”</span></i></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Later on in his exposition Mr. Carvalho points out that each of the three global projects reflect three kinds of global weapons – the military force, the market economy and strong religious creed (fundamentalism). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We can easily remark that this hypothetic structure, consisting of three main forces, represent three classical functions of a hierarchic traditional society: the religious clerics (brahmans), the warriors (kshatryas), the merchants (vayshyas). Accepting this vision we could evaluate the three forces in different ways. For the materialists and the pacifists, the capitalist market society of the West (USA and its allies) would be preferable. But that is not the case for those who defend other sets of values – spiritual and immaterial ones. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The “order of Money” (according to Jaques Attali’s vision</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">) can only be challenged by the “order of the Force” or by the “order of Spirit”. The actual globalization is essentially based on the economical order, it represent the future world as the global market where ”the history has ended” (F.Fukuyama</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, the struggle of “the Russian and Chinese militarism” and of the “Muslim Brotherhood” against the West, USA and the globalization is a good and just case that should be supported by all citizens in the world. that rejects the hypermaterialist empire of the frenetic consumption and of North American hegemony. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The rule of the warriors and of the priests, for me personally, (and implicitly for the majority of Eurasian people) is much better than the order of merchants. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">More than that, I would suggest the alliance between the “Russian Chinese militarism” and “Muslim Brotherhood” in common struggle to overthrow the American World Order and to finish with the globalization and “American way of life”.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So, in the terms of Professor Olavo de Carvalho, every consequent traditionalist should be on the Eurasian and Islamic side against materialist and capitalist decline of the castes. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Professor Olavo de Carvalho recognised the fact that Western financial elite is concentrated in some global organizations, such as the Bilderberg Club, the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission, which serve as the headquarter of capitalism and North American imperialism. So we have real enemy in front of us that should be attacked. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If we consider the circumstance that globalization process is far more powerful now than two other forces and the might of USA is nearly unchallenged, we arrive at the conclusion that precisely the globalist project is much more dangerous and realistic than the two other projects are. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So we are dealing not with three more or less equal trends, but with the only one that is absolutely leading and dominating and the two others that try to challenge the first one (successfully or not). In such a situation the question is posed in the following way: should we accept the global financial elite transnational rule as something inevitable and resign from the struggle for any alternative only because we don’t like Eurasian or Islamic projects? If we could imagine some other doctrine as an alternative, it would be a good thing, but it is not so easy. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So we have the main course of things (the creation of One World, the World Government and ruling global financial oligarchy) and we have the possible opposition, the most impressive and most articulate versions of which are the Russian-Chinese “national-militarism” and Islamic religious fundamentalism. The choice is clear and everyone is invited to make it by himself.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It seems that Latin America is more and more inclined to choose the alternative approaching the Eurasian and Arab camps. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Professor Olavo de Carvalho doesn’t recognize the neo-socialism with strong ethnic feature explicitly present in Latin America as a major trend. This is the difference in our approaches, but that is not crucial. We could include this Latin neosocialist trend approximately in the camp of the Eurasian militarism and Islamic fundamentalism. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So we arrive to the point of the clash of civilizations made famous by S.Huntington</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: The West against the Rest. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">That is (in the terms of Professor Olavo de Carvalho) the Western finance elite against Eurasians and Islamists as well as against all other instances who reject USA hegemony and absoluteness of free market, human rights, liberalism, individualism and parliamentarian democracy Standards. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> So, operating with the world map proposed by Professor Olavo de Carvalho, I admit that I would rather take consciously position in the “Eurasian (Russian-Chinese) militarism” camp, accompanied by great sympathy to the world of anti-Western Islamic movement (not sharing its theological positions, being orthodox Christian). The critical and pejorative description by Professor Olavo de Carvalho of the Russian-Chinese and Islamic project makes me suggest that his own choice is quite different and opposite to mine. If we remain in the limits of the Global World Map, proposed by him, the only logical solution is the choice of the global West and the hegemony of the Western global financial elite. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If there are only three forces (it is Professor Olavo de Carvalho who affirms it, not me) the realistic choice should be made accepting one of them as a position. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">But this point is not clearly affirmed in Professor Olavo de Carvalho’s text. We see that he hates the Russian-Chinese “statism” and Islamic fundamentalism. It is explicit. So, from this point of view we are waiting for the next step – the defense of the West. But some remarks of Professor Olavo de Carvalho indicates that it is no so. He treats the Western globalization in skeptical and critical terms as well. So we rest perplexed and hope he would make this point clear in the future.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Theoretically we could suggest that he is against any kind of global project whatsoever and rejects them all, hating all scenarios of globalistic visions and praxis. If that is the case, he should attack first of all heaviest, most serious and most impressive one – the USA hegemony, the unipolar world and the rule of the financial elite. This is the first and most powerful trend – much more effective than two others. But Prof. Carvalho lives in the USA and in his introductory texts fiercely attacks the Eurasianism and Islamic fundamentalism before anything else. So his position rests a little bit enigmatic and intriguing. For his style of discussion this seems to be a rather clever stylistic step – so that the observers would follow the discourse with closer attention, being intrigued as me myself. KGB, the Communist Party and Al-Quaeda sins are sufficiently exposed by the professor. But what about CIA, Bilderberg, Pentagon, neocons, PNAC, “imperial grunts”, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, the bombing of Serbia? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The validity of the classical geopolitics</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Second point: Prof. Carvalho affirms:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Even though in current debates these three blocks are almost invariably designated by names of nations, States and governments, to depict their interactions as a dispute among nations or national interests is a residual habit of the old geopolitics that does not help us at all to understand the present situation.”</span></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I can not agree with the affirmation concerning “<i>a residual habit of the old geopolitics that does not help us at all to understand the present situation</i>”. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I am convinced that classical geopolitical analysis is still relevant and does help us “to understand the present situation”. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The modern (and postmodern as well) USA global power and its allies in Europe or elsewhere during the last centuries up until nowadays manifested themselves as the direct incarnation of the Sea Power, exposed by Halford Mackinder</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=7536049580934872859" name="12ed303698396a2b__ftnref7"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, Nicholas J. Spykmen<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span></span></a>, K.Haushofer<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span></span></a> and all other geopolitical thinkers and analysts. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The American global hegemony geographically, strategically and (most importantly) sociologically is a pure “tallassocracy”, the classic manifestation of the eternal Carthage, which became a worldwide phenomenon. The Atlantic localization of the Core of the global world (the Rich North), the capitalist essence of its rule, the material innovative technology as the basis of the conquest of the colonies, the strategic control of the sees and oceans with the NAVY forces – all these features of the globalization and present days unipolarity (sometimes in the soft version, presented as multilateralism) are the classical characteristics of the Sea Power. And the Sea Power is in the permanent quest against the Heartland, being on its direct way to the world domination. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">That is why the old geopolitical analysis is highly relevant. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It reflects perfectly the main goals of the implementation of the thallassocratic world system.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If we observe the major projects opposite to the globalization (described by Professor Olavo de Carvalho) we see the other half of the classical geopolitical Mackinder’s map. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What are Russia and Chine geopolitically? They form together whole Eurasia, the Heartland’s zone, two greatest continental spaces. So, we deal with tellurocracy in its essence. Geopolitics allows the visualization of both political-geographical and sociological spheres. It makes a synthesis of the political powers, borders and “les dispositifs” on the one hand, and cultural, social and value system, on the other. So, tellurocracy, the Rome's paradigm, is the geopolitical continental kind of the strategy and civilization taken together. So the hostility between USA-unipolarity-globalization-financial oligarchy-modernization-capitalism and Russia-Chine-militarism- sovereignty of state-traditional society-(crypto-socialism) is perfectly geopolitical.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Where is the place of Islam in classical geopolitical vision? It corresponds to the Rimland, precisely to the large part of Rimland going from the Maghreb through Middle East to the Central Asia and further to Islamic societies of the Pacific. Geopolitical nature of Islam opens to it two options: Sea Power or Land Power, the thallassocracy or tellurocracy? The radical Islam rejecting the West, the USA, the globalization and consequently the thallassocracy, is logically inclined to the alliance with the Land Power. But this zone as a whole can optionally make the other decision, preferring the alliance with the West (as some Arab regimes).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The balance between the thallassocracy and tellurocracy today is in favour of the first. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So the present situation can be correctly evaluated in the classical (“old”) geopolitical terms. The Sea Power, striving to control the Heartland (Eurasia) in order to rule the World (imposing everywhere its market/human rights/individualist patterns and values), is confronting with the Eurasian forces (Russia-China) and its temporary allies (Islamists, Latin America anti-colonialists, neo-socialists and «independentistas» and so on).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The «open society» heresy and the American crimes</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Next point: Professor Olavo de Carvalho points out that Eurasian analysis of the American society is wrong, concerning the identification of the essence of it with the concept of «open society» of Karl Popper</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">As far as I know, in 1990-ies the Popper's concepts were very relevant in the analysis of the main values of the European, Western civilization. Further, I have myself read hundreds of Western sociologists and philosophers that gave different description of the basic Western values, but the fact of the profound individualism in all those authors remains their main feature (especially in the Modernity). That is the point of view of Max Weber or of the excellent French sociologist Louis Dumont, already mentioned. I could accept the fact that Popper as such is dear only to Mr. Soros and to the CFR people, but that is not little. The elite, that understands the essence of values, can not be too large. But I don't insist on Popper. The most important moments in the West are individualistic. The East, on the contrary, is holistic. The Eurasian society is a holistic one. If there are other holistic cultural or political movements, they should be logically allies of the Eurasianism. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Western traditionalists (R. Guenon</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=7536049580934872859" name="12ed303698396a2b__ftnref11"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, for example<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[11]</span></span></span></a>) were on the side of the East. J.Evola<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">[12]</span></span></span></a> was the partisan of the Western tradition but in absolute opposition to the Modernity and to the USA. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There may be another America, but that does not change anything in general. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Another America (not that of the CFR, neocons and “world Carthage”) is virtual. The real America we know well.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The other thesis of Professor Carvalho also sounds a bit strange to me:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“<i>The globalist elite is not an enemy of Russia, China or the Islamic countries potentially associated to the Eurasian Project, but, on the contrary, it is their collaborator and accomplice in the effort to destroy the sovereignty, the politico-military power and the economy of the United States.</i>” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">What can that mean? The globalization of the world and the installation everywhere of the American control, including the direct intrusion in the nominally sovereign countries, the promotion of American way of life and the uniformization of the different human societies, accomplished by USA, is considered by the professor as “nothing”, being ignored and forgotten. The contamination of Russian society by decadent consumerist individualist patterns, the support for the anti-Russian regimes in the post-soviet space is nothing. The USA is an absolute plague for the mankind. And the globalist elite is the quintessence of USA, it rules USA and through it in the rest of the world. The globalist elite of the USA is the absolute enemy of the Russia, China and Islamic countries, it corrupts our political elite, the society, the country. For us it is obvious. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">«The sovereignty, the political-military power and the economy of the United States” are no more than the instruments in the hand of this elite, its accomplices, voluntary or not. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There are many other important and interesting points in the text of Professor Olavo de Carvalho that I would like to discuss in details but I will have stop here and to return to the topic in the next round. </span></div><div><br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[1]</span></span></span></a> <i>Dumont L.</i> Essais sur l'individualisme. Une perspective anthropologique sur l'idéologie moderne. Paris: Le Seuil, 1983</span></div></div><div id="ftn2"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[2]</span></span></span></a> <i>Dumont L.</i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_%C3%86qualis"><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">Homo Æqualis</span></a></span> I: genèse et épanouissement de l'idéologie économique. <span lang="EN-US">Paris: Gallimard/BSH, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">1977</span></a></span>.</span></div></div><div id="ftn3"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[3]</span></span></span></a> <i>Dumont</i><i><span lang="EN-US"> L.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> <i> </i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_%C3%86qualis"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none;">Homo Æqualis</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"> II: l'Idéologie allemande. Paris: </span>Gallimard<span lang="EN-US">/BSH, 1978.</span> </span></div></div><div id="ftn4"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[4]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Attali J.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> Lignes d'horizon. Paris:Fayard, 1990.</span></span></div></div><div id="ftn5"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[5]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Fukuyama Francis</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. The End Of History and the Last Man. NY:</span>The free press, 1992. </span></div></div><div id="ftn6"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[6]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Huntington S. P.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.</span></span></div></div><div id="ftn7"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[7]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Mackinder H. J.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">The geographical pivot of history The. Geographical Journal.1904.№ 23, </span>С<span lang="EN-US">.421–437; <i>Idem.</i></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">The Round World and the Winning of the Peace//Foreign Affairs. 1943. Vol. 21& № 4 (July); </span><i><span lang="EN-US">Idem.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1996.</span></span></div></div><div id="ftn8"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[8]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Spykman N</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. The Geography of the Peace. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1944.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div></div><div id="ftn9"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[9]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Haushofer K.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> Geopolitik der Pan-Ideen. Berlin: Zentral-Verlag, 1931.</span></span></div></div><div id="ftn10"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US">Popper Karl R.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> The Open Society And Its Enemies. Volumes I and II. NY., 1962</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div></div><div id="ftn11"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[11]</span></span></span></a> <i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Guenon R.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;"> Orient et Occident. </span><span style="color: black;">Paris, 1976.</span></span></div></div><div id="ftn12"><div class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">[12]</span></span></span></a> <span style="color: black;">Evola J. «La Rivolta contro il mondo moderno». </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Roma</span><span style="color: black;">, 1998</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue;">Comments, suggestions or criticisms about the debate or about this blog should be sent to debatesontheweb@gmail.com with the tag #reader# </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: black;"><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><span style="font-size: small;">INDEX</span></a></b><br />
</span></span></div></div></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-87922884259476256482011-03-07T14:31:00.001-08:002012-09-09T04:39:58.413-07:00Olavo - Introduction<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">"What are the historical, political, ideological and economic factors and actors that now define the dynamics and configuration of power in the world and what is the U.S. position in what is known as New World Order?”</span></i><br />
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Olavo de Carvalho <br />
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Words change their meaning, weight and value according to the situations of speech. Upon entering this debate I must clarify from the outset that it is not a debate at all. The very idea of a debate presupposes as much an opposite symmetry between the contending parties, from the point of view of their convictions, as some direct symmetry of their respective socio-professional status: intellectuals discuss with intellectuals, politicians with politicians, professors with professors, preachers of religion with preachers of atheism, and so forth.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">As for convictions, if we understand this term as only general statements about the structure of reality, mine do not differ from Professor Dugin’s in many essential points. Does he believe in God? So do I. Does he think a metaphysics of the absolute is possible? So do I. Does he wager in a meaning of life? So do I. Does he understand traditions, homeland, and family as the values that must be preserved above supposed economic and administrative conveniences? So do I. Does he see with horror the globalist project of the Rockfellers and Soros? So do I. It is not possible to organize a debate between two people who are in agreement.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">On the contrary, from the viewpoint of the real positions we occupy in society, our differences are so many, so deep and so irreducible that the very proposal of putting us face to face has a certain comic incongruity to it. I am just a philosopher, writer, and professor, committed to the search of what seems to me to be the truth and to educating a group of people who are so kind as to pay attention to what I say. Neither these people nor I hold any public job. We do not have any influence on national or international politics. We do not even have the ambition – much less an explicit project – of changing the course of History, whatever it may be. Our only hope is to know reality to the utmost degree of our strength and one day leave this life aware that we did not live in illusions and self-delusion, that we did not let ourselves be misled and corrupted by the Prince of this World and by the promises of the ideologues, his servants. In the current power hierarchy of my native country, my opinion is worthless, except maybe as an anti-example and an incarnation of absolute evil, which is a great satisfaction to me. In the country where I live, the government considers me, on the most hyperbolical hypothesis, an inoffensive eccentric.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">No political party, mass movement, government institution, church or religious sect considers me its mentor. So I can give my opinion as I wish, and change my opinion as many times as it seems right to me, with no devastating practical consequences beyond the modest circle of my personal existence.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Now Professor Dugin, the son of a KGB officer and the political mentor of a man who is the very incarnation of the KGB, is the creator and guide of one of the widest and most ambitious geopolitical plans of all time – a plan adopted and followed as closely as possible by a nation which has the largest army in the world, the most efficient and daring secret service and a network of alliances that stretches itself through four continents. Saying that Professor Dugin is at the center and pinnacle of power is a simple question of realism. In order to fulfill his plans, he counts on Vladimir Putin’s strong arm, the armies of Russia and China and every terrorist organization of the Middle East, not to mention practically every leftist, fascist and neo-Nazi movements which today place themselves under the banner of his “Eurasian” project. As for myself, besides not having a plan not even for my own retirement, I count only, as far as war resources go, on my dog Big Mac and an old hunting shotgun.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">This tremendous existential difference (fully illustrated by the attached photos) makes our opinions, even when their verbal expressions coincide to the letter, signify entirely different things in the framework of our respective goals. The answers to the questions that inspire this debate will show this, I hope, as clearly as the photos do. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxo6QTnvrTlzNs0dOOJITK9_fBSxR7wdqsATZq3KPkNTi2tVa6_2eBKH45oxRGx8iB_so6waH5H-munIrxRuGvC-s-s1fxwHUNxd8vMwwaExWkWxbAbrnwbkTH0Nm0MbgyvlV7uOv7dNkg/s1600/OLAVODUGIN.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxo6QTnvrTlzNs0dOOJITK9_fBSxR7wdqsATZq3KPkNTi2tVa6_2eBKH45oxRGx8iB_so6waH5H-munIrxRuGvC-s-s1fxwHUNxd8vMwwaExWkWxbAbrnwbkTH0Nm0MbgyvlV7uOv7dNkg/s640/OLAVODUGIN.JPG" width="540" /></a></div><br />
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<span lang="EN-US">The questions are two: who are the actors in the world scene and what is the position of the United States in it?</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">As for the first question: aside from Catholic and Protestant Christianity, of which I shall speak later on, the historic forces that today fight for power in the world arrange themselves into three projects of global dominance, which I will provisionally call the “Russian-Chinese,” the “Western” (sometimes mistakenly called “Anglo-American”) and the “Islamic” one.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Each of them has a well documented history, which shows their remote origins, the transformations they have gone through in the course of time and the present state of their implementation.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The agents that personify these projects today are respectively:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">1. The ruling elite of Russia and China, especially the secret services of those two countries.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">2. The Western finance elite, as represented especially in the Bilderberg Club, the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">3. The Muslim Brotherhood, the religious leaders of several Islamic countries and the some Muslim countries governments.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Of these three agents, only the first one can be conceived of in strictly geopolitical terms, since its plans and actions correspond to well-defined national and regional interests. The second one, which is more advanced in the implementation of its plans for world government, places itself explicitly above any national interests, including those of the countries where it originated and which serve as its basis for operations. In the third one, conflicts of interests between national governments and the overarching goal of a Universal Caliphate end up always being resolved in favor of the latter, which, though currently existing only as an ideal, enjoys a symbolic authority founded upon Koranic commandments that no Islamic government would dare to overtly challenge.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The conceptions of global power that these three agents strive to implement are very different from one another because they stem from heterogeneous and sometimes incompatible inspirations.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Therefore, they are not similar forces, species of the same genus. They do not fight for the same goals and, when they occasionally resort to the same weapons (for example, economic warfare) they do so in different strategic contexts, where employing such weapons does not necessarily serve the same objectives.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Although nominally the relations among them are of competition and dispute, sometimes even of military nature, there are vast zones of fusion and collaboration, as flexible and changing as they may be. This phenomenon disorients the observers, producing all sorts of misguided and fabulous interpretations, some under the form of “conspiracy theories,” others as self-proclaimed “realistic” and “scientific” refutations of those theories.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">A good deal of the nebulosity in the world scene is produced by a more or less constant factor: each one of the three agents tends to interpret in its own terms the plans and actions of the other two, partly for deliberate propaganda purposes, partly due to genuine misunderstanding of the situation.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The strategic analyses from all involved reflect, each of them, the ideological bias that is proper to it. Even though they attempt to take into account the totality of available factors, the Russian-Chinese scheme stresses the geopolitical and military viewpoint, the Western scheme the economic, and the Islamic scheme the dispute among religions.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">This difference reflects, on its turn, the sociological composition of the ruling classes in the respective geographical areas:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">1) Stemming from the communist Nomenklatura, the Russian-Chinese ruling class is essentially made up of bureaucrats, intelligence service agents and military officers.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">2) The preponderance of financiers and international bankers in the Western establishment is too well known and it is not necessary to insist on it.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">3) In the various countries of the Islamic complex, the authority of the ruler depends substantially on the approval of the umma – the multitudinous community of authoritative interpreters of the traditional religion. Even though these countries display great variety in their domestic situations, it is not an exaggeration to describe the structure of their ruling power as “theocratic.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Thus, for the first time in the history of the world, the three essential modalities of power – politico-military, economic and religious – find themselves personified in distinct supranational blocks, each of them with its own plans for world dominance and its peculiar mode of action. This does not mean that they do not act in all fronts, but only that their respective historical views and strategies are ultimately delimited by the modality of power they represent. It’s not far-fetched to say that the world today is the object of a dispute among the military, bankers and preachers.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Even though in current debates these three blocks are almost invariably designated by names of nations, States and governments, to depict their interactions as a dispute among nations or national interests is a residual habit of the old geopolitics that does not help us at all to understand the present situation.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">It is only in the Russian-Chinese case that the globalist project symmetrically corresponds to national interests, and that the principal agents are the respective States and governments. This is so for the simple reason that the Communist regime, ruling there for decades, has dissolved or eliminated all the other possible agents. The globalist elite of Russia and China is the government of these two countries.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">On its turn, the Western globalist elite does not represent any national interest and does not identify itself with any particular State or government, though it controls several of them. On the contrary, when its interests collide with those of the nations where it originated (and this necessarily happens), it does not hesitate to turn itself against its own homeland, to subjugate it and, if necessary, to destroy it.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Islamic globalists serve, in principle, the general interests of all Muslim States, united in the grand project of a Universal Caliphate. Divergences arising from clashes of national interests (as for example between Iran and Saudi Arabia) have not proved sufficient to open incurable wounds in the unity of the long-term Islamic project. The Muslim Brotherhood, main leader of the process, is a transnational organization: it governs some countries and in others it is the political opposition party, but its influence is omnipresent in the Islamic world.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The heterogeneity and asymmetry of the three blocks is reflected in the image that they have of each other, as it becomes manifest in their propaganda speeches – a system of errors suggesting that the fate of the world is in the hands of delirious madmen: </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">1. The Russian-Chinese perspective (enlarged today under the form of Eurasianism, which will be one of the topics of this debate) describes the Western block as (a) a global expansion of American national power; (b) the materialized expression of the “open society” liberal ideology, such as eminently proposed by Sir Karl Popper; (c) the living incarnation of the Enlightenment’s materialist, scientistic and rationalist mentality, and therefore the enemy par excellence of all traditional spirituality.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">2. Western globalism declares it does not have any enemies other than “terrorism” – which it does not identify at all with the Islamic block, describing it a residue of barbaric beliefs on the way to extinction – and “fundamentalism,” a notion that indistinctly blends the ideological spokesmen of Islamic terrorism and the “Christian right,” as if it the latter were an ally of the former and not one of its main victims. This way, fear of Islamic terrorism is used as a pretext to justify the official boycott to the Christian religion in Europe and in the United States! Russia and China are never presented as possible aggressors, but as allies of the West. In the worst case, China is portrayed as a trade competitor. In short: the ideology of Western globalism speaks as if it already personified an established universal consensus, opposed only by slightly insane marginal and religious groups </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">3. The Islamic block describes its Western enemy in terms that only reveal its disposition to hate it per fas et per nefas, presenting it sometimes as the heir to the ancient Crusaders and sometimes as the personification of modern materialism and hedonism. The generous collaboration of Russian and China with terrorist groups is certainly the reason why these two countries are non-existent in the Islamic ideological discourse. This way, incurable theoretical incompatibilities are circumvented. Some theoreticians of the Caliphate allege that socialism, once triumphant in the world, will need a soul, and Islam will provide it with one.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">In the same measure as each of the three blocks cultivates a false image of their competitors, so does each of them also project a false image of itself. Leaving aside for now the Islamic and Western projective fantasies, let’s address the Russian-Chinese ones.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The Russian-Chinese block presents itself as an ally of the United States in the “fight against terrorism,” while at the same time it provides weapons and all sorts of support to practically all terrorist organizations of the world and to the anti-American regimes of Iran, Venezuela, etc., and spreads the legend that the attack on the World Trade Center was the work of the American government.[1]Russia complains that she was “corrupted” by Boris Yeltsin’s liberal reforms, of American inspiration, as if before them she lived in a temple of purity and not in the endless rot of the Communist regime. It is worth recalling that the Soviet government lived essentially out of theft and extortion for over 60 years without ever having to account for it. At the same time, it corrupted its population through the institutionalized habit of kickbacks, exchange of political favors and influence peddling, without which the state machinery would simply not work.[2] When its assets were allotted after the official dissolution of the regime, those benefitted were the members of the nomenklatura themselves, who became billionaires overnight, without severing the ties that united them to the old state apparatus, especially to the KGB (“there is no such thing as former KGB,” confessed Vladimir Putin). Imagine what would have happened in Germany after WWII if the winners, instead of prosecuting and punishing the supporters of the old regime, had awarded them access to the assets of the Nazi State. That is exactly what happened in Russia: as soon as the USSR was officially dissolved, its agents of influence in Europe and in the United States launched a successful operation to block any investigation of Soviet crimes.[3] Nobody was ever punished for the murder of at least tens of millions of civilians and for the creation of the most efficient machinery of state terror known to mankind. On the contrary: the chaos and corruption that followed the dismantling of the Soviet State were not caused by the new system of free enterprise, but by the fact that the first to benefit from it were the masters of the old regime, a horde of thieves and murderers as never before seen in any civilized country.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">There’s more: while whining about being corrupted by American capitalism, Russia forgets that it was she who corrupted it. Since the 1930s the Stalin government, aware that the strength of America resided in “its patriotism, its morality and its spiritual life” (sic), unleashed a gigantic operation, in the words of its main perpetrator, Willi Münzenberg, designed to “make the West so corrupt it stinks.” The purchase of consciences, the involvement of high-level officers in espionage and shady businesses, the intense propaganda campaigns to debilitate the moral beliefs of the population and the generalized infiltration in the educational system ended up producing results particularly after the 1960s, radically modifying American society to the point of rendering it unrecognizable. </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">It was also the Soviet action that gave planetary dimensions to drug-trafficking since the 1950s. Its history is well documented in Red Cocaine: The Drugging of America and the West, by Joseph D. Douglass. When Russia wails that after the fall of Communism she was invaded by the drug culture, she is simply harvesting what it sowed.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Nothing of this vast corrupting action is a thing of the past. Nowadays there are more Russian agents in the United States than during the Cold War.[4]China, well-fed by American investments, gives evidence that the apparent liberalization of its economy was only a cover-up for maintaining the totalitarian regime, ever more solid and seemingly indestructible.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">As for the position of the United States in the world scene, let us first take a look at how Prof. Dugin describes it, and then see how it is in reality.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">According to the Eurasian doctrine, the United States are the incarnation, par excellence, of liberal globalism.[5] Liberalism as Prof. Dugin sees in the face of America is, essentially, the one of the “open society” advocated by Sir Karl Popper. This is how Prof. Dugin summarizes the liberal idea:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“To understand the philosophical consistency of the national-Bolshevik ideology... it is absolutely necessary to read the fundamental book of Karl Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“Popper developed a fundamental typology for our subject. According to him, the history of humanity and the history of ideas divide themselves in two (unequal) halves. On the one hand, there are the partisans of the ‘open society,’ which represents in his view the form of normal existence of rational individuals (so are for him all men), who base their conduct upon reasoning and the supposedly free personal will. The sum of such individuals must logically form the ‘open society, essentially ‘non-totalitarian, since it lacks any unifying idea or value system of a collectivist nature, be it supra-individual or non-individual. The ‘open society’ is open precisely because it ignores all ‘teleologies,’ all ‘absolutes,’ all established typological differences; therefore it ignores all limits that emanate from the non-individual and non-rational domain (supra-rational, a-rational, or irrational, the latter being the more frequent term in Popper).</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“On the other hand, there is the ideological camp of the ‘enemies of open society, where Popper includes Heraclitus, Plato, Aristotle, the medieval Schoolmen, as well as the German philosophy of Schlegel, Fichte, and above all of Hegel and Marx. Karl Popper… points the essential unity of their approaches and discerns the structure of their common Weltanschauung, whose characteristic traits are the denial of the intrinsic value of the individual, whence stems the loathe for autonomous rationalism, and the tendency to submission of the individual and his reason to the ‘non-individual’ and ‘non-rational’ values, which always and fatally, according to Popper, leads to the apology of dictatorship and political totalitarianism. (…)</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“National-Bolsheviks…accept absolutely and without reservations Popper’s dualist view and are totally in agreement with his classification. However, in contrast, they consider themselves to be the resolute enemies of the ‘open society’ and their philosophical foundations, that is, the primacy of the individual, the value of rational reasoning, the progressive social liberalism, egalitarian atomic numeric democracy, free criticism, the Cartesian-Kantian Weltanschauung…”[6]</span></div></blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">As for globalism:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“Nowadays, it is evident that the World State conceived as a World Market is not a distant or chimerical perspective, because that liberal doctrine [Karl Popper’s] is little by little becoming the governing idea of our civilization. And this presupposes the final destruction of nations, as vestiges of a bygone era, as the last hurdle to the irresistible expansion of globalization…The globalist doctrine is the perfect and finished expression of the ‘open society’ model.”[7]</span></div></blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Therefore, liberal globalism is the project in progress that aims to establish throughout the world the Popperian model of the “open society,” necessarily destroying on its way national sovereignties and every metaphysical or moral principle that aspires to be superior to individual rationality. It is the end of nations and of all traditional spirituality, the former substituted for a global scientific-technocratic administration, the latter by a mix of scientism, materialism and relativistic subjectivism that inspires the globalist elites of the West.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Being the United States the main radiating focus of this project, and Russia its main focus of resistance (for motives we shall see later), the clash is inevitable:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">“The main thesis of the neo-Eurasianism is that the struggle between Russia and the United States is inevitable, since the United States is the engine of globalization seeking to destroy Russia, the fortress of spirituality and tradition.”[8]</span></div></blockquote><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">I made a point of quoting with some detail my opponent’s opinion because, though I do not consider it to be false with respect to the mentality of globalist elites, which are really inspired on Popperian ideals, I can prove with a narrow margin of error that:</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">1. The description cannot in any way be applied to the United States, a nation where Popperianism is a recent implant, with no local roots and totally hostile to American traditions.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">2. The United States are not the command center of the globalist project, but on the contrary, its priority victim, marked to die. </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">3. The globalist elite is not an enemy of Russia, China or the Islamic countries potentially associated to the Eurasian project, but, on the contrary, it is their collaborator and accomplice in the effort to destroy the sovereignty, the politico-military power and the economy of the United States.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">4. Far from favoring free-enterprise capitalism, the globalist project has supported statist and controlling policies everywhere. And in this, it does not differ from the interventionism advocated by the Eurasianists. Globalism is only “liberal” in the local sense that the term has in the United States, as a synonym for “leftist.” The globalist project is a direct heir and continuator of Fabian socialism, a traditional ally of the Communists. Popperian ideology itself is not liberal-capitalist, in the sense of classical liberalism, but above all else “a ‘test and evaluate’ approach to social engineering.”[9]</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">5. Eurasianism turns against the Popperian “open society” as an abstract ideological model. However, as Eurasianism is not only an abstract ideological model, but a geopolitical strategy, it is obvious that it fires at the Popperian ideology to reach, behind it, a specific national power, that of the United States, which has nothing to do with the Popperian ideology and can only expect evil from it. Even worse: American nationalism is a powerful Christian resistance to the globalist ambitions which have been trying to take over the country in order to destroy it as an autonomous power and use it as a tool for their essentially anti-national plans. The destruction of American power will remove the last reasonable hurdle to the establishment of a world government. Then all that will be left is the sharing of the spoils among the three globalist schemes, the Western, the Russian-Chinese and the Islamic one.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">6. Russia is not at all the “fortress of spirituality and tradition,” appointed by a celestial mandate to castigate the flesh the United States for the sins of the immoral and materialist West. Today as in Stalin’s time, Russia is a den of corruption and wickedness as never before seen, one dedicated to the spreading of its mistakes around the world, as announced in the prophecy of Fatima. It should be noted that this prophecy never referred particularly to Communism, but to “the errors of Russia” in a generic way, and it announced that the dissemination of these errors, with all its ensuing retinue of disgrace and suffering, would only cease if the Pope and all Catholic bishops of the world perform the rite of the consecration of Russia. Since this rite has never been carried out, there is no reason not to see in the Eurasian project a second wave and an upgrade of the “errors of Russia,” the announcement of a catastrophe of incalculable proportions.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">7. If Russia today, through the lips of Prof. Dugin, presents itself to the world as the bearer of a great saving spiritual message, it is necessary to recall that she has done it twice before: (a) In the nineteenth century, all the thinkers of the Slavophile stripe, as Dostoewsky, Soloviev and Leontiev, saw the West as the source of all evils and announced that in the following century Russia would teach the world “true Christianity.” What happened was that all this spiritual arrogance was impotent to detain the advance of communist materialism in Russia herself. (b) Russian communism promised to bring to the world an era of peace, prosperity and freedom beyond the most beautiful dreams of previous generations. All it managed to do was to create a totalitarian inferno of which neither Attila nor Genghis-Kahn could have caught a glimpse in a nightmare.</span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">It would be wonderful if each country learned how to heal its own evils before pretending to be the savior of humanity. Alexandre Dugin’s Russia seems to have taken the opposite lesson from her crimes and failures.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] See my article “Suggestion to clear thinkers: check into an asylum,” Diário do Comércio, January 30 2002, at http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/semana/060130dc.htm. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[2] See Konstantin Simis, URSS: The Corrupt Society: The Secret World of Soviet Capitalism, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1982, and Alena V. Ledeneva, Russia`s Economy of Favours, Cambridge University Press, 1998.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3] See Vladimir Boukovski, Jugement à Moscou. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[4] See: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/07/04/painting-town-red-russian-spies-report-says/. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[5] The two elements that this definition fuses into a unity do not have the same origin, and were not friendly to each other at birth. The first liberal movements of the nineteenth century, coming on the top of the wave of independence movements against the colonial powers, were highly nationalistic, and the first projects for global government that appeared in the beginning of the twentieth century were inspired by notoriously interventionist and statist ideas. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[6] Alexandre Douguine, “La métaphysique du national-bolchevisme,” Le Prophète de l’Eurasisme, Paris, Avatar Éditions, 2006, pp. 131-133.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[7] Id., p. 138.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[8] Vadim Volovoj, “Will the prediction of A. Dugin come true?,” in Geopolitika, 10.11.2008, at http://www.geopolitika.lt/?artc=2825. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[9] Ed Evans, “Do you really know this person?” at http://itmakessenseblog.com/tag/karl-popper/.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">Comments, suggestions or criticisms about the debate or about this blog should be sent to debatesontheweb@gmail.com with the tag #reader# </span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html">INDEX </a></b></span></span></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-54592559740739864502011-03-07T14:31:00.000-08:002012-09-09T04:40:15.829-07:00Dugin - Introduction<div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><br />
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">"What are the historical, political, ideological and economic factors and actors that now define the dynamics and configuration of power in the world and what is the U.S. position in what is known as New World Order?”</span></i><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US">GLOBAL TRANSITION AND ITS ENEMIES</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">By Alexandr Dugin </span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The World Order questioned</span></b><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">New World Order as a concept was popular in a concrete historical momentum – precisely that when the Cold War ended (late 80’s, Gorbatchev era) and the global cooperation between the USA and Soviet Union was considered near and very probable. The basis of NWO was presumably realization of the convergence theory predicting the synthesis of Soviet socialist and Western capitalist political forms and near cooperation of the Soviet Union and USA in the case of regional issues – for example first Gulf War in the beginning of 1991. Hence, as the Soviet Union split soon after, this project of NWO was naturally set aside and forgotten.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">After 1991 the other World Order was considered as something being created under our eyes – Unipolar World with open global hegemony of USA. It is described well in Fukuyama’s political utopia “End of history”. This World Order ignored any other poles of power except the USA and its allies (first of all Europe and Japan) and was thought as universalization of free market economy, political democracy and human rights ideology as global pattern accepted by all </span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">countries</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> in the world. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The skeptics thought that it was rather illusion and the differences between the countries and people would reappear in other forms (for example, in the famous clash of civilizations of S. Huntington or ethnic or religious conflicts). Some experts regarded unipolarity not as the properly speaking World Order but as the unipolar momentum (J.Mearsheimer). In any case, what is questioned in all these projects is National Statehood. The </span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Westphalian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> system did not correspond any more to the present global balance of powers. New actors of transnational or subnational scale affirm their growing importance and that was clear that the World was in need of new paradigm of International Relations.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So our actual contemporary world cannot be regarded as properly realized NWO. There is no definitive World Order of any kind at present. There is a <b>Transition</b> from the World Order we knew in XX century to the some other paradigm whose full features rest to define. Will the future be really global? Or the regionalist tendencies will win? Will there be a unique Order? Or there will be different local or regional Orders? Or may be we are going to deal with World Chaos? It is not clear yet, the <b>Transition</b> is not accomplished. We are living in the middle of it.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">If the global elite (first of all the United States political elite) has the clear vision of the desired future (that is rather doubtful), even so the circumstances can prevent the realization of it in practice. If the global elite lack the consensual project – the issue is much more complicated. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So only the fact of <b>Transition</b> to some new paradigm is certain. The paradigm as such is on the contrary quite uncertain. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">World Order from USA point of view</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">USA position in this shift is absolutely assured but the future of USA is under question. The USA undergoes now the test of global imperial rule and they have to deal with many challenges – some of them quite new and original. They could proceed in three different ways:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Creating an American Empire <i>strictu sensu</i> with a consolidated technically and socially developed central area (Imperial Core) while the outer spaces would keep divided and fragmentized in the state of permanent unrest (near the chaos); it seems the neo-cons are in favor of such a pattern.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2) Creating multilateral unipolarity where the USA would cooperate with other friendly powers (Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, Israel – possibly other countries) in solving the regional problems and making pressure on the «rogue countries» (Iran, Venezuela, Belarus, Northern Korea) or on the hesitating counties striving to assure their own regional independence (China, Russia and so on); it seems that democrats and Obama are inclined to do so;</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Promoting accelerated globalization with the creation of World Government and swift de</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">sovereignization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> of the National States in favor of creation of United States of the World ruled by the global elite on the legal terms (that is the CFR project represented by the strategy of George Soros and his foundations; the colored revolutions are viewed here as the most effective weapon destabilizing and finally destroying States).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">It seems that USA tries to go by these three ways simultaneously promoting all three strategies at the same time. This three directions strategy of USA creates the global context in International Relations, USA being the key actor on the global scale. Beyond the evident differences of these three images of future they have some essential points in common. In any case USA is interested in affirming its strategic, economical and political domination; in strengthening of the control or other global actors and in weakening them; in gradual or accelerated de</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">sovereignization</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> of now more or less independent States; in the promotion of “universal” values reflecting the values of Western world (the liberal democracy, parlamentarism, free market, humans rights and so on).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So we are in the contemporary world in strong and permanent geopolitical field where in the Core is situated USA and where the rays of its influences (strategic, economical, political, technological, informational and so on) permeate all the rest of the World depending of the grade of the will to accept it in the case of different countries, ethnic or religious ambiances. It is a kind of “global imperial network” operating on a planetary scale.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This USA-centric global geopolitical field can be described on different levels:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Historically</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: The USA considers itself to be the logical conclusion and the peak of the Western civilization. In the ancient terms it was presented as the Manifest Destiny of USA. Now they speak in the terms of human rights, promotion of the democracy and of technology, free market institutions and so on. But in the essence, we deal with a new edition of the Western universalism that passed by Roman Empire, Medieval Christianity, the Modernity (with the Enlightenment and colonization) and up to present day postmodernism and ultra-individualism. The history is considered to be univocal (monotone) process of technological and social progress, the way of growing liberation of individuals from all kind of collective identities. The tradition and conservatism are regarded as the obstacles for the freedom and should be rejected. The USA is in vanguard of this historical progress and has the right and obligation (mission!) to move the history further and further. The historical existence of USA coincides with the course of the human history. So “American” means “universal”. The other cultures have only an American future or no future at all.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Politically</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: there are very important trends in World politics that define the <b>Transition</b>. We watch the passage from the liberalism becoming global and only possible political option (as the peak of the political thought of Modernity won the victory over alternative political doctrines – fascism and socialism) to the post-modern and post-individual concept of politics (generally described as post-humanism). The USA plays again here the key role. The politics promoted by USA globally is liberal democracy. So USA supports the globalization of the liberalism preparing thus the next step to the political post-modernity (described in the famous book of A.Negri and M.Hardt “Empire”). There is some distance between liberal ultra-individualism and properly postmodern post-humanism (promoting the cyborgs, genetic modification, cloning and the chimeras), but in the periphery of the World we have the common tendency – the accelerated destruction of any holistic social entities, the fragmentation and atomization of society included in the technology (internet, mobile phones and so on) where the principle actor is strictly individual and excerpt from the natural and social context. There is important testimony of dual use of promotion of democracy explicitly described in the article of American military and political expert Stephen R. Mann<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5459255974073986450" name="12e8bb713b668b23__ftnref1"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1633337679961961676#_ftn1" target="_blank" title="">[1]</a> who affirms that democracy can work as self-generating virus strengthening the existent and historically rife democratic societies but destroying and immersing in chaos the traditional societies not properly prepared for it. So democracy is thought to be an effective weapon to create the chaos and to govern the dissipating world cultures from the Core emulating and installing everywhere the democratic codes. We see how it works in the last events in the Arabic countries. After the accomplishing the full fragmentation of the societies to the individual atoms there will begin the second phase: the division of the individuals themselves on the parts and new (genetic, for example) combinations of the elements in the way of post-human creativity. That can be described as the post-politics as the last horizon of the political futurism. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Ideologically</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: There is the tendency in the case of the USA to link more the ideology and politics in the zone of the periphery. Before, USA acted on the basis of the pure realism: if the regimes were pro-USA they were tolerated with no regards of their ideological principles. The Saudi Arabia represents the net example of that. So some features of the double morality were ideologically accepted. It seems that recently the USA have began to try to deepen the democracy, supporting popular revolts in Egypt and Tunis whose chiefs were trustfully friends of USA being at the same time corrupted dictators. The double standards in the ideology is vanishing and the deepening of democracy progresses. The culminant point will be reached in the case of the probable unrest in the Saudi Arabia. In this moment this trend of promoting the democracy on the ideological basis – including in the politically difficult circumstances – will be tested.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Economically</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: the USA economy is challenged by the Chinese growth, the energy issue, the critical disproportion between the financial sector and the zone of real industry. The overgrowth of American financial institutes and the delocalization of the industry have created the discontinuity between the sphere of the money and the sphere of the classical capitalist balance of the industry and demands. It was the main cause of the financial crisis of 2008. The Chinese economical politics tries to reaffirm its independence in front of the USA global strategy and once can become the main factor of the competition. The Russian, Iranian, Venezuelan and some other relatively independent (from USA) countries control over the huge amount of the natural resources puts the limits to the American economical influence. The economy of European Community and the Japanese economic potential represent the two poles of competition inside the strategic partners and military allies of USA. So the USA tries to solve all these problems using not only purely economic instruments but also politics and sometimes military power. We could interpret in this manner the intrusion in Iraq and Afghanistan, the possible intervention in Libya, Iran and Syria. Indirectly promoting opposition in Russia, Iran and Chine and trying to cause some problems with Turkey and radical Islamism in general for Europe USA wants to reach the same goal. But these are only technical solutions. The main challenge is how organize the post-modern and financially-centered economy with granted growth overcoming the more and more critical gap between the real sector and the financial instruments whose logic become more and more autonomous. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So we have observed the main and asymmetric actor USA situated in the center of the present <b>Transition</b> state of world affairs. This actor represents the true hyperpower (H.Vidrine) and the strongest geopolitical field (that includes all the levels revised before) is structured around this American Core, representing its multilevel networks. The question can be raised here: is this actor fully conscious of what it does and whether it understand well what he will obtain in the end; which kind of Order it is going to get? It seems that the opinions on this most important point are divided: the neocons proclaim the New American Century being optimistic as to the future American Empire. But in their case it is obvious that they have clear (that doesn’t mean necessary realistic) vision of the future (American, more precisely North-American future). In this case the World Order will be American Imperial Order based on the unipolar geopolitics. At least theoretically is has some positive point: it is clear and honest. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The multilateralists are more cautious and insist on the necessity to invite the other regional powers to share with the USA the burden of the planetary rule. It is obvious that only similar (regarding the USA) societies can be partners, so the success of promoting democracy becomes here the essential care. The multilateralists act not only in the name of USA but also in the name of the West, considered as something universal. The image of the future World Order is foggier. The fate of the global democracy is misty and not so clearly defined as the image of American Empire. </span><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Yet hazier is the extreme version of promoters of accelerated globalization. It could effectively overthrow the existing national states but in some cases it will only open the way to much more archaic, local, religious or ethnic forces. So the earth-scale open society is such fantastic a perspective that it is much easier to imagine the total chaos and the war of everybody against everybody. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So the image of the future World Order differs with regard to the group of American ideologists and decision makers. More consequent strategy is at the same time more ethnocentric, openly imperialistic and hegemonic. It is unipolar World Order. The other two versions are much more dim and uncertain. Up to certain point they can give way to world disorder. They are called summarily “non-polar” (R. Haass).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">So the <b>Transition</b> in question, in any case, is Americano-centric by its nature and the global geopolitical field is structured so that main global processes would be moderated, orientated, directed and sometimes controlled by the unique actor performing its work lonely or with the help of the essentially pro-American Western (or at least pro-Western) allies.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The World Order from the non-USA point of view</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Americano-centric world perspective described above being the most important and central as global tendency is not the only one possible. There can be and there are the alternative visions of World architecture that can be taken into consideration. There are secondary and tertiary actors that are inevitable losers in the case of the success of USA-strategy: the countries, states, peoples, cultures that would loose all and gain nothing when the USA strategy realizes. They are multiple and heterogeneous. We could group them in the different categories.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1) The first category is composed by the more or less successful national States that are not happy to let their independence to the supranational exterior authority – not in the form of open American hegemony, nor in the Western-centered kind of World Government, nor in the chaotic dissolution. There are many of such a countries – beginning from China, Russia, Iran, India, including many Southern American and Islamic States. They don’t like the <b>Transition</b> at all, suspecting (with good reasons) the inevitable loss of the sovereignty. So they are inclined to resist the main trends of the planetary Americano-centric geopolitical field or adapt to it in such a manner that it would be possible to avoid the logical consequences of the success of American general strategy (it doesn’t make difference whether imperialistic or globalist). The will of the conservation of the sovereignty represents the natural contradiction and the point of resistance in front of the pro-American (or globalist) trends. These countries in general hardly possess the alternative vision of the future World Order. What they want - it is to preserve the status quo and national States in the present form adjusting and modernizing them if necessary. Between the members of this national Statehood clubs there are three kinds of actors: 1) those who try to adapt their societies to the Western standards and to keep friendly relations with the West and USA, but to avoid the direct desovereignization (India, Turkey, Brazil, up to the certain point Russia, Kazakhstan);</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2) Those who are ready to cooperate with USA but under condition of the non-interference in their inner affairs (Arabia Saudi, Pakistan and so on);</span><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3) Those who, cooperating with USA, strictly observe the particularity of their society making permanent filtration of what is compatible in Western culture with domestic culture or what is not, at the same time trying to use the dividends received by this cooperation to the strengthening of nation independence (China);</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4) Those who try to oppose the USA directly rejecting the Western values, the unipolarity and the USA hegemony (Iran, Venezuela, North Korea).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">All these groups lack the global alternative strategy that could be symmetrically comparable with the American (there is not even a consensual or clear) vision of the future. Everybody acts by themselves and in their own direct interests. The difference consists only in the radicalism of the rejection of Americanization. We could define their position as reactive. This strategy of reactive opposition varying from the rejection to adaptation is sometimes effective, sometimes it is not. In sum it doesn't give any kind of future vision. The future of the World Order is considered as eternal conservation of status quo – Modernity, national Statehood, Westphalian systems, current ONU configuration and so on.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Second category of actors who reject the <b>Transition</b> consists of subnational groups, movements and organizations that oppose Americanism as the structures of the global geopolitical field by ideological, religious or cultural reasons. These groups are quite different and vary from one concrete state to another. They are mostly based on the religious faith incompatible with the secular doctrine of americanization, westernization and globalization. But they could be motivated by the ethnical or ideological (for example, socialist or communist) doctrines. </span><span lang="RU" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Some</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> other act on the regionalist grounds. The paradox is that in the globalization ambiance that aims to uniform all particularities and collective identities on the basis of purely individual identity, such subnational actors easily become transnational – the same religions and ideologies being present in different countries and national States. So in these circles we could find some alternative vision of the future World Order that can be opposed to the <b>Transition</b> and its structures.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We can roughly summarize the different ideas of some of the most important sub-national/trans-national groups:</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The most famous one is the islamist world vision which represents the utopia of Islamic World State (Global Caliphate). This project is as opposed to the American architecture as to the <i>status quo</i> of the modern national States. Bin Laden is the symbol of such a trend of ideas and the two towers of New-York World Trade Center 9/11 are the prove of the importance and seriousness of such a network. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> 2)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The other project can be defined as neo-socialist plan represented in the South American Left and personally by Hugo Chavez. This is roughly a new edition of Marxist critic of capitalism strengthened by nationalist emotion and in some cases (Bolivia, Zapatistas) ethnic sentiments. Some Arab regimes (as Libya of Kaddhafi until recently) can be considered in the same line. The next World Order here is presented as global socialist revolution preceded by the anti-USA liberation campaigns in every country. The Transition is identified by this group as the incarnation of classic imperialism criticized by Lenin. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> 3)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The third example of such kind can be found in the Eurasian Project (aka “multipolar”, aka “great spaces”) proposing the alternative model of World Order based on the principle of civilizations and great spaces. It presupposes the creation of different transnational political strategic and economic entities united by community of civilization and main (in some cases religious in some – secular and cultural) values. They should consist of integrated States and represent the poles of the multipolar world. European Union could be example of such a form. There can be also Eurasian Union (project of Kazakhstan’s President N.Nazarbayev), Islamic Union, the South-American Union, Chinese Union, the Indian Union, Pan-Pacific Union and so on. The North-American great space can be regarded as one of the several other more or less equal poles, nothing more. </span><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">We could add some other theories but they are of smaller scale. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">There is, in the present state of affair, a serious gap between the national States and ideological movements mentioned above operating on the different levels. So the national States lack the vision, and movements lack sufficient infrastructure to put their ideas in practice. If we imagine that, in some circumstances, that gap could be bridged, the alternative to the <b>Transition</b> and to the Americano- or Western-centric tendencies (taken in consideration the demographical, economical and strategic weight of the Non-Western world) will obtain the realistic shape and can be regarded seriously as consequent and theoretically founded plan of concrete future Order. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=1633337679961961676&postID=5459255974073986450" name="_ftn1"></a><span lang="EN-GB">[1]</span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">Stephen R. Mann Chaos Theory and Strategc Thought/ Parameters 2U3, Autumn, 1992.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;">Comments, suggestions or criticisms about the debate or about this blog should be sent to debatesontheweb@gmail.com with the tag #reader# </span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><br />
</a></b></span></span></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-83061238374142745692011-03-05T09:29:00.000-08:002012-09-09T04:40:15.833-07:00Structure<div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: small;">1) This debate will be conducted in English and will be simultaneously published on this blog, on <a href="http://www.olavodecarvalho.org/">Olavo de Carvalho</a>'s and on <a href="http://evrazia.info/">International Eurasian Movement</a> websites.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">2) There will be an introductory article of both debaters (maximum limit of 24000 characters, blank spaces counted) which will respond to this question: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> "What are the historical, political, ideological and economic factors and actors that now define the dynamics and configuration of power in the world and what is the U.S. position in what is known as New World Order?”</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">3) Then, there will be two round of replies. (suggested - but no strict - maximum limit of 120000 characters).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">4) And finally the debaters will send their conclusive articles. (maximum limit of 18000 characters, blank spaces counted).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">5) The suggested schedule is the one below (subject to change):</span><br />
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March 7th - Introductions<br />
March 21st - Dugin<br />
April 4th - Olavo (was delivered in April 6th)<br />
April 22nd - Dugin (was delivered in April 24th)<br />
May 10th* - Olavo(was delivered in April 23rd)<br />
July 5th* - Conclusions<br />
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*The schedule was adjusted due to Olavo de Carvalho and Alexandr Dugin's delay.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><br />
</a></b></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><span lang="EN-US"></span>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-51960131364490659302011-01-27T18:35:00.000-08:002012-09-09T04:40:15.827-07:00Olavo's résumé<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 532px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"></td><td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><br />
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<tr><td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ol start="1" style="text-align: justify;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Brazilian philosopher and writer with a very influential voice in Brazilian politics, acknowledged internationally even by critics as the preeminent Brazilian thinker and commentator alive today. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Media columnist and radio host with a wide and educated audience throughout Brazil including academics and government officials. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">University lecturer with a lengthy record of international honors and achievements, author of ten successful books and hundreds of articles</span></li>
</ol><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Professional career</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 515px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1967-1974</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Reporter/columnist/editor: media conglomerate “Empresa Folha da Manhã,” (São Paulo, Brazil); the magazine <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brasil-Israel; </span></i>newspaper <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cidade de Santos </span></i>(News Editor); <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Atualidades Médicas</span></i> (Brazilian edition of <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Medical World News</span></i>).</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1973-1975</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Assistant Political Editor, Brazilian newspaper <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal da Tarde</span></i> (evening edition of <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Estado de S. Paulo</span></i>)</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1976-1977</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Editor-in-Chief, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal da Semana</span></i> (Brazilian weekly newspaper).</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1977-2005</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Journalist/columnist for numerous Brazilian magazines and newspapers, among which: <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Claudia</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nova</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Contexto</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sala de Aula</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Escola</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Bravo</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">República</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Primeira Leitura</span></i>.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1981</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Began university lecturing career (summary list of courses and lectures below).</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1997-2001</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Director of the Philosophy Seminar, University Center of the City of Rio de Janeiro..</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1998-1999</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Deputy editor for Brazilian Army Publisher (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Biblioteca do Exército</span></i>); edited the book <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Army in Brazilian History</span></i>, 3 vols., Rio de Janeiro, 1998.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1999-2001</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Publishing Director, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Library of Philosophy”</span></i> series for Brazilian publisher Editora Record S. A.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1999-2001</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Director, the University Center for the City of Rio de Janeiro’s publishing house.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2000-2005</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Weekly newspaper columnist for <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Globo</span></i>, (Rio de Janeiro) and<i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Zero Hora</span></i>, (Porto Alegre, Brazil).</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2002-2005</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Senior Lecturer in Ethics and Political Philosophy</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, Postgraduate Program in Public Administration, Catholic University of Paraná.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 84.75pt;" valign="top" width="113"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2005-present</span></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; width: 358.5pt;" valign="top" width="478"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Weekly columnist for <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal do Brasil</span></i> (Rio de Janeiro) and <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Diário do Comércio</span></i> (São Paulo).</span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Published books</span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(a) Author</span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Símbolos e Mitos no Filme “O Silêncio dos Inocentes”</span></i> (“Symbols and Myths in the Film ‘The Silence of the Lambs’”). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Artes Liberais/Stella Caymmi Editora, 1992.</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Os Gêneros Literários: Seus Fundamentos Metafísicos</span></i> (“Literary Genres: Their Metaphysical Foundations”). Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Artes Liberais/Stella Caymmi Editora, 1992.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Caráter como Forma Pura da Personalidade</span></i> (“Character as the Pure Form of Personality”). Rio de Janeiro, Astroscientia Editora/Instituto de Artes Liberais, 1993.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Nova Era e a Revolução Cultural: Fritjof Capra & Antonio Gramsci</span></i> (“New Age and Cultural Revolution: Fritjof Capra and Antonio Gramsci”). Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Artes Liberais/Stella Caymmi Editora, 1994.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Jardim das Aflições: De Epicuro à Ressurreição de César ~ Ensaio sobre o Materialismo e a Religião Civil</span></i> (“The Garden of Afflictions: From Epicurus to the Resurrection of Caesar – An Essay on Materialism and Civil Religion”). Rio de Janeiro, Diadorim, 1995.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Imbecil Coletivo: Atualidades Inculturais Brasileiras</span></i> (“The Collective Imbecile: Brazilian Incultural News”). Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade da Cidade Editora e Academia Brasileira de Filosofia, 1996; 6<sup>th</sup> edition, May 1998.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">7. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aristóteles em Nova Perspectiva: Introdução à Teoria dos Quatro Discursos</span></i> (“Aristotle in a New Perspective: Introduction to the Theory of the Four Discourses”). Rio de Janeiro, Topbooks, 1996.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">8. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Como Vencer um Debate sem Precisar Ter Razão. </span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Comentários à “Dialética Erística” de Arthur Schopenhauer ~ Texto e Comentários</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (“How to Win a Debate with No Need to Be Right: Comments on Arthur Schopenhauer’s “Eristic Dialectics”). Rio de Janeiro, Topbooks, 1997.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">9. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Futuro do Pensamento Brasileiro: Estudos sobre o Nosso Lugar no Mundo</span></i> (“The Future of Brazilian Thought: Studies on Our Place in the World”). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade da Cidade Editora, 1997.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">10. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Longa Marcha da Vaca Para o Brejo & Os Filhos da PUC. </span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">O Imbecil Coletivo II</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (“The Long March Down the Drain & The Sons of PUC: The Collective Imbecile II”). Rio de Janeiro, Topbooks, 1998.</span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(b) Editor/contributor</span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">As Seis Doenças do Espírito Contemporâneo </span></i>(“The Six Diseases of the Contemporary Spirit”, by the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rio de Janeiro, Record, 1999 (Biblioteca de Filosofia vol 1).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aristóteles</span></i> (“Aristotle”, by the French philosopher Émile Boutroux), Rio de Janeiro, Record, 2001 (Biblioteca de Filosofia vol. 2).</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Origem da Linguagem</span></i> (“The Origin of Speech”, by the German-American philosopher Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy). </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rio de Janeiro, Record, 2002 (Biblioteca de Filosofia vol. 3).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Exército na História do Brasil </span></i>(“The Army in Brazilian History”), 3 vols.. Rio de Janeiro, Biblioteca do Exército/Fundação Odebrecht, 1998.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Onde a Arte não Dormia</span></i> (“Where Art Did Not Sleep” - Memoirs of the famous Brazilian actress Ítala Nandi ) 2<sup>nd</sup> edition. Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade da Cidade Editora, 1997.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Espírito das Revoluções</span></i> (“The Spirit of Revolutions”, an essay by former Brazilian Ambassador to Israel and to Poland J. O. de Meira Penna). Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade da Cidade Editora, 1997.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">7. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ensaios Reunidos</span></i> (“Collected Essays” of the Austro-Brazilian literary critic and historian Otto Maria Carpeaux), 3 vols.. Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade da Cidade Editora and Topbooks, data.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">8. <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Sociedade de Confiança</span></i> (“The Society of Trust”, by former French Minister of Justice Alain Peyrefitte). Rio de Janeiro, Topbooks, 2000.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Leading roles in Courses, Conferences, Congresses and Seminars</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><br />
<ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto de Biociências da USP (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Institute of Biological Sciences, São Paulo University</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Institute of Psychology</span></i>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">São Paulo University</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Associação Paulista de Medicina (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">São Paulo Medical Association</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade Estadual de Campinas (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Campinas State University</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Centro Educacional da Lagoa (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lagoa Educational Center</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Centro Brasileiro de Estudos Estratégicos (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazilian Center for Strategic Studies</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Rio de Janeiro State University</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto Liberal (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Liberal Institute</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto de História e Geografia Militar do Brasil (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazilian Institute for Military History and Geography</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Clube Militar (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Military Club</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade Mackenzie (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mackenzie University</span></i>, São Paulo);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Casa de Cultura Laura Alvim (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Laura Alvim Cultural Center</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazilian Army Command and General Staff School</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Associação dos Diplomados da Escola Superior de Guerra (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazilian Higher War College Alumni Association</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Associação Comercial do Rio de Janeiro (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Rio de Janeiro Chamber of Commerce</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Associação Comercial de São Paulo (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">São Paulo Chamber of Commerce</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Escola Dante Alighieri (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dante Alighieri School</span></i>, Salvador);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Unesco, Paris (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">House of</span></i> <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Human Sciences Foundation, Unesco</span></i>, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Paris, France</span></b>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Casa de América Latina (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">House of</span></i> <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Latin America, </span></i>Bucharest, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Romania</span></b>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade de Cluj-Napocca (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cluj-Napocca University</span></i>, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Romania</span></b>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">União Brasileira de Escritores (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazilian Writers’ Union</span></i>, São Paulo);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade Católica de Salvador (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Catholic University of Salvador</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Faculdade de Direito da USP (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">São Paulo University’s</span></i> <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Faculty of Law</span></i>);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Câmara Americana de Comércio (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">American Chamber of Commerce</span></i>, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto Brasiliense de Direito Público (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Institute for Public Law</span></i>, Brasília);</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Universidade Católica do Paraná (<i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Catholic University of Paraná</span></i>).</span></li>
</ul><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Major Awards </span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Commander of Romania’s National Order of Merit</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, medal granted under decree by <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Romanian </span></b>President<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b>Emil Constantinescu, Dec. 5, 2000.</span></li>
</ul><div></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">First Prize in the Essay Contest sponsored by the Embassy of the Kingdom of <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Spain</span></b> in Brasilia to celebrate the birth centennial of the Spanish Philosopher José Ortega y Gasset (1985).</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">First Prize in the Essay Contest on Islamic History sponsored by the Embassy of the Kingdom of <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Saudi Arabia</span></b> (1986).<i><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></i></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Pacifier Medal</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, awarded by the Brazilian Army on August 25, 1999.</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">“Santos-Dumont” Merit Medal</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, awarded by the Brazilian Air Force on July 20, 2001.</span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Green Card,</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> under the category of alien with extraordinary ability, granted by the American government (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services), in March, 2010.</span></li>
</ul><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Membership in Professional Associations </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(by field of expertise)</span></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 532px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">International Federation of Journalists, Brussels, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Belgium</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Regular member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Brazilian Federation of Journalists, Brasilia DF, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Regular member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">American Political Science Association, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Washington D. C.</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Regular member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">International Political Science Association, Montreal, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Canada</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Regular member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Brazilian Writers’ Union (União Brasileira de Escritores), São Paulo SP, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Regular member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Institute for Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies, University Center of the City of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Founding member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Senior lecturer, Researcher</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Instituto Brasileiro de Humanidades (Brazilian Institute for the Humanities), São Paulo SP, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span></b></span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Founding member</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Jornal do Brasil</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (Brazilian newspaper), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil</span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Columnist</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Diário do Comércio</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (Brazilian newspaper), São Paulo SP, Brazil</span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Correspondent in Washington, D.C.</span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 345.75pt;" valign="top" width="461"><ul><li><i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mídia Sem Máscara</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> (electronic newspaper, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.midiasemmascara.org/" title="http://www.midiasemmascara.org/">www.midiasemmascara.org</a></span></i>), São Paulo SP, Brazil.</span></li>
</ul></td> <td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Senior editor</span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Published material about Olavo de Carvalho</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Opinions of the critics)</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1. General</span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Olavo de Carvalho is the author of priceless philosophical reflections.” (Carlos Alberto Montaner, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Estado de S. Paulo</span></i>, January 19, 1999.)</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A man of high competence in Philosophy, he has obtained a wide success both as a scholar and as a professor.” (Jorge Amado, Brazilian acclaimed novelist, in a personal letter to their common friend Stella Caymmi.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “He gave us definitive proof of the seriousness of his goals and of his comprehensive philosophical scholarship.” (Romano Galeffi, Professor of Esthetics, Bahia Federal University, in an official report on the project of my book <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aristotle in a New Perspective.</span></i>)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Indifferent to cultural show business, Olavo de Carvalho chose for himself the true intellectual life.” (José Enrique Barreiro, TV Educativa, Salvador, BA.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “An independent intellectual, free from any links to political groups, and the owner of a wide philosophical culture.” (Carlos Cordeiro, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Diário de Pernambuco</span></i>, Recife, August 22, 1989.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “I admire in Olavo de Carvalho not only the high value of his intellectual work, but also the polemical vigor of his combats.” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(J. O. de Meira Penna, former Brazilian <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ambassador to Israel and to Poland</span></b>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal da Tarde</span></i>, São Paulo, October 10, 1996.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A philosopher of great erudition.” (Roberto Campos, Minister of Planning (1964-67), Brazilian <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ambassador to the United States and to the United Kingdom</span></b>, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Folha de S. Paulo</span></i>, September 22, 1996.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Monumental! His work has the wide breadth of an epic of the word, the fearlessly bright word, the brave and exact word.” (Herberto Sales, prominent Brazilian novelist and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, in a personal letter.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “The most brilliant and controversial Brazilian thinker.” (Monica Grigorescu, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Rompress </span></i>~ <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Romanian National News Agency</span></i>, July 3, 1997.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A man of intellectual courage.” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Jarbas Passarinho, former Minister of Education, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Estado de S. Paulo</span></i>, June 19, 1988.)</span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2. On </span></b><i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The</span></b></i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">New Age and Cultural Revolution</span></b></i></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Excellent and timely.” (Josué Montello, president of Brazilian Academy of Letters, in a personal letter to the author.)</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A living being, magnificent, enlightening.” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Jacob Klintowitz, art critic of <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal da Tarde</span></i>, São Paulo).</span></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3. On </span></b><i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Aristotle in a New Perspective</span></b></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Olavo de Carvalho goes right to the founders of Western philosophical tradition.” (Paulo Francis, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Globo,</span></i> January 5, 1997).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “If Voegelin had read this, he would have incorporated your thought into his own to explain how we proceed from perception to science.” (Frederick Wagner, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Eric Voegelin Society</span></i>, letter to the author, February 14, 2005).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “…de Carvalho's paper is very well organized and quite consistent - on a solid philosophical, interpretative and historical foundation… It contains a convincing and fascinating explanation of the organic, historical development of discourses across cultures (and, incidentally, reminded me of Voegelin!). This is followed by excellent rational justification (“logical necessity of the four discourses”) and by a thorough psychological explanation with detailed analysis of the discourses in relation to human activity. This structure makes Mr. de Carvalho's treatment very complete, without any residue. I particularly liked his discussion of the unity of human knowledge in its unfolding; the interplay between imagination and reason; also the particular analysis of the dynamism of each discourse (in its vicinity, relying on the antecedent and subsequent discourses). Here, the author gives an excellent, informed account of Aristotle's epistemology and emphasizes the mapping from process to method which is indeed very consistent with Aristotle's view. I was quite impressed by his relevant note on modern studies on the inseparability of the discourses (the very pertinent mention of Pratt, Perelman, Kuhn, Godel) and with his rejection of Aquinas' linear scale of “worth” among the discourses. The author is very mature and doesn't let himself get carried away by his thesis, but plans carefully and handles all aspects in the proper historico-philosophical context; and he is always explicit about his intentions, never obscure. He does not avoid apparent inconsistencies or difficulties, trying to resolve or explain them. This is how philosophy is supposed to be done.” (Tudor Munteanu, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Eric Voegelin Society</span></i>, letter to Frederick Wagner, February 27, 2005).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Never since Giambattista Vico had there been so luminous an interpretation as to end the mystification of the ‘two cultures’.” (Mendo Castro Henriques, Professor of Philosophy, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lisbon</span></b> Catholic University, <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">(Portugal)</span></b> in a letter to the author.)</span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4. On </span></b><i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Garden of Afflictions</span></b></i></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Few books have I read that made such interesting and beneficial reading as <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Garden of Afflictions</span></i>.” (Josué Montello, president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.)</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Inexhaustible erudition and unflinching intellectual honesty. The trumpet call for the resurrection of Brazilian independent thought.” (Bruno Tolentino, prominent Brazilian poet, in the preface to Prof. de Carvalho’s influential book <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Garden of Afflictions</span></i>.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A wonderful book, a burst of light in the darkness.” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Leopoldo Serran, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal do Brasil</span></i>, Rio de Janeiro, September 6, 1996.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “If his work distinguishes itself from the shallow and pedantic prose of contemporary <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">philosophies</span></i>, it is mainly for its lively and good humored style, for its generous erudition and for its tireless search for intellectual honesty.” (Antônio Fernando Borges, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal do Brasil</span></i>, January 6, 1996.)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Rich and profound erudition, as can be seen in his philosophical essays <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Literary Genres</span></i> and <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aristotle in a New Perspective</span></i>, both succinct, concise, conceptually rigorous and guided by a refined logical method.” (Vamireh Chacon, Professor of Political Science at the University of Brasilia, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Jornal de Brasília</span></i>, January 22, 1996.)</span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5. On </span></b><i><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The Collective Imbecile</span></b></i></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “An indispensable book. Demand it from your bookseller!” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Paulo Francis, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Globo</span></i> and <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">O Estado de S. Paulo</span></i>, July 28, 1996.)</span></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “An appalling intelligence and an unsurpassable mastery of its subject.” (Ângelo Monteiro, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Diário de Pernambuco</span></i>, November 23, 1996.)</span></div><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6. On the Introduction to Otto Maria Carpeaux’s </span></b><i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Collected Essays</span></b></i></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “An extensive, profound and beautiful introduction. Never having met him personally, Olavo de Carvalho probed very deeply into Carpeaux’s intellectual drama.” (Edson Nery da Fonseca)</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “A rich critical outlook of an important moment of Brazilian intellectual history.” </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">(Carlos Heitor Cony, preface to <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ensaios Reunidos</span></i> de Otto Maria Carpeaux, vol. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I. (Rio, Topbooks, 1999.)</span><br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">7. Opinions of American critics</span></b></div><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “Professor Carvalho has been one of the most astute analysts of Brazilian politics. He has courageously attacked official corruption and its broader cultural consequences. He has been a strong defender of the interests of the United States and a critic of simpleminded anti-Americanism. His is an important voice in hemispheric political debates.” (Bryan McCann, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Georgetown University, History Department, Associate Professor</span></i>).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">* “I have known Olavo de Carvalho and his work since the spring of 2006. At that time, I had the pleasure to edit his very fine manuscript, entitled “Aristotle in a New Perspective”. After editing the manuscript, I took the uncharacteristic step of forwarding it (with the author's permission) to a few of my former professors at the University of Notre Dame. I did so because I was quite certain that the manuscript marked a highly original contribution to our understanding of Aristotle — which is no easy feat, given the sheer volume of scholarship surrounding this ancient thinker.” (Jodi Bruhn, <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ph.D. Research Fellow, Institute On Governance, Ottawa, Canada).</span></i></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">INDEX</span></span></b></a></div></div></td><td style="padding: 0cm; width: 96.75pt;" valign="top" width="129"></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-62916119392531805602011-01-27T18:24:00.000-08:002012-09-09T04:40:15.831-07:00Dugin's résumé<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Aleksandr Gel'yevich Dugin, born in 1962 in Moscow. Ph.D. Married, two children. 9 foreign languages. Up to the end of 1980's participated actively in patriotic movements, published a number of articles and texts on different subjects: politics, politology, philosophy, history, geopolitics and translated and published the books of many conservative thinkers like René Guenon, Julius Evola, Gustav Meyrink and so on.</span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1988 — Founded the “Eon” publishing house.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1989 — Published his first monographic book “The ways of Absolute”.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1990 — Published the traditional magazine ”Dear Angel”.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1992 — Has become chief redactor of “Elements” a political and sociological magazine. Course of geopolitics in Military Academy of General Staff.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1992/1997 — Published the books: “Conspirology”, “Mysteries of Eurasia”, “Hyperborean theory”, “Conservative Revolution”, “Metaphysics of Evangels”, “Our way”, the manual “Foundation of geopolitics” (4 editions), “Knight Templars of proletariat”, “Russian Thing” (2 volumes), “Goals and objectives of our Revolution”, “Absolute Motherland”. Published the commented works of eurasianist thinkers – N.Troubezkoy, P.Savicky, N.Alexeev, J.Bromberg, E.Hara-Davan.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> In 1993 has created with writer E. Limonov the National-Bolshevist party which he has quitted in 1997.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1996 — Creation of philosophical web-portal “Arctogaia” (arctogaia.com). Leaded the musical-philosophical radio program FINIS MUNDI on FM Moscow radio “101” and worked as geopolitical analyst on the radio “Free Russia” (weekly 1 hour program).</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 1997-1999 — Was named chief redactor of newspaper “Intrusion”.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> From 1998 up to 2004 was advisor of the russian Parliament (Duma) on strategic and geopolitical questions.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2000 — Created of pan-russian political “Eurasia” movement.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2001 — Created the political party “Eurasia”. Published the newspaper “Eurasian Observer”.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2000/2003 — Published the books: “The philosophy of tradionalism”, “Foundation of eurasianism” (collective monography), “Eurasian way”, “Eurasian look”, “Geopolitics of terrorism” (collective monography), “The Islamic threat or the threat to islam?” (texts of international conference in Moscow President-hotel), “Russian Orthodox Church in the space of Eurasia” (collective monograhy), “The evolution of paradigmatic foundations of science” (scientifical thesis), “Philosophy of Politics”. From 2002 has been columnist in the russian journals “Izvestia”, “Literaturnaya Gazeta”, ”Vremya Novostey”. Became Member of the “Expert Club of TV Channel 1” and of the “Civil Forum Analytical Club".</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2002 — Has created the political analytic web-portal “Evrazia” (evrazia.org).</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2003 — The political party “Eurasia” was transformed into the International Eurasian Movement.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2004 — Finished his second thesis (doctorate) in Rostov-on-Don. Received the title of Professor of Honor of National Eurasian University of Astana (Kazachstan). Published the books “Project Eurasia”, “The Eurasian mission of Nursultan Nazarbaev”, “The philosophy of war”, “Eurasian Mission (program of International Eurasian Movement”).</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2005 — Has helped in the creation of the Eurasian Youth Movement.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> From 2006 until now has created an coordinated different political websites: evrazia.info, evrazia.org, rossia3.ru and geopolitica.ru.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2005/2007 — Has become the chief redactor of Christian Orthodox channel SPAS.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2006 — Visited Washington. Had meetings with Z.Brzezinsky, F.Fukuyama, F.Starr and so on and was invited by the State Department to hold a speech concerning Russia and Eurasianism.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> From 2007 until now has been a professor in the Faculty of Sociology of the Moscow State University.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2008 — Was elected chief of the chair of the Sociology of International Relations at the same faculty. Became director of the Center of Conservative Studies (konservatizm.org).</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> From 2008 until now teaches the courses of Ethnosociology, Geopolitics, Sociology of International Relations, Sociology of Imagination and Geopolitical History of Russia.</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2008 — Published two important philosophical books: "Postphilosophy" and "The Radical Subject and his double".</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2009 — Published the book"The Fourth Political Theory".</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2010 — Published 4 new books: "The Sociology of Imagination", "The Logos and Mythos", "The End of Economy" and "Martin Heidegger and the Other Beginning of the Philosophy".</span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"> 2011 — Published 3 new books: "The Sociology of Russian Society", "Martin Heidegger: the possibility of Russian Philosophy" and "Archeomodern". Two other ones are to be released in the spring 2011: "Geopolitics" and "Ethnosociology".</span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">His books are published in English, French (2 books), Portuguese, Spanish and Italian (2 books), Serbian (4 books), Turkish (2 books), Arab, Georgian, Rumanian, German. He has articles in many foreign languages.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">His philosophical views are partly traditionalist, conservative and anti-modern, partly post-modern, radical, revolutionary and innovative. Rejects racism in all its forms, advocates the pluralism of societies, cultures, ethnies and religions. Insists that three mainstream political ideologies of Modernity (Liberalism., Communism and Facism) are totally obsolete and fights in favor of the creation of a completely new political theory - the 4th political theory (antiliberal, anticommunist and antifascist). Politically is radically against American hegemony and world domination. Is against globalism and proposes the doctrine of multipolarity. Is in favor of the common struggle of Russians, muslims, Asians and Latins against the countries of Rich North.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Has close contacts with european New Right (Alain de Benoist). Supports partiallly Putin 's and disapproves Medvedev's policies. The French magazine “Actuel” already in 1995 called Dugin “most influential Russian thinker of post-soviet epoch”.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #505050; font-size: x-small;"></span>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1633337679961961676.post-37766630593122267362011-01-25T19:15:00.000-08:002012-09-09T04:40:15.826-07:00Dear readers<span lang="EN-US"></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This blog was created specially to hold the debate between the philosophers Olavo de Carvalho and Alexandr Dugin. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Right from the start </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">we would like to thank both of them for the gentle willingness to accept our invitation to participate.</span> <br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> The first idea about this debate and this blog came up on an online discussion. That, by itself, would be already a good point to indicate that new technological tools stablish necessarily new genres of communication and can positively influence and affect people. We see that, aware of this "not-so-new-novelty" — the Internet — as such a remarkable tool for alternative dissemination of ideas, politicians, thinkers and academics are adhering rapidly to the concept and deciding to share their thoughts and words online.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Having that simple premise in mind, we have tried contact with two very prominent thinkers from different backgrounds and completely opposite political views, but who have in common the fact that both exercise on the web a relevant part of their intellectual activity and both have a known willingness and openness to share their points of view with whoever manifests a sincere interest in them. The presence of these propitious characteristics has brought together Alexander Dugin and Olavo de Carvalho into this debate.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> Besides that so to say coincidental propitiousness, and the many differences of approach that separates our debaters, the two authors happen to be both notorious philosophers and political thinkers in their own countries. Nevertheless, we do not have the least intention to have grasped their political points of view in their entirety or understood them in their full consequences. </span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">We do have an expectation, based on this initial experience, to conduct further debates in the future, however, it would be enough of a successful experience to carry this first one on appropriately. We are confident that the importance of this debate lies in the fact that the subjects that are going to be covered here are not currently dealt with extensively in any other media space while being perhaps the most fundamental themes to a responsible reflection about the world in which we live.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">May we ask for your kind understanding, as well the debaters’, regarding the moderators’ limitations and inexperience concerning more professional and/or academic aspects organizing a formal debate, as the idea departed more from our genuine desire to promote such an important event than from our concrete expertise or know-how on the subject . </span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Moderation</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: right;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XHF4-UxVbCCJUq1QSiYpTtmPRoCzatjK7ybQ5oJzl975cPeULYrvNmCe7Okhia0CxxpU-mlnnWVECoeDrdGuPIVTtxs8VpABKtXlira-mR2rVjZAKULgrD4ddBqqhW6kbbGgO0NJs-7n/s1600/IndexButton.gif" /><span id="goog_157221402"></span></a><span id="goog_157221403"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://debateolavodugin.blogspot.com/2011/04/index-english.html"><br />
</a></b></span></div></div>Giuliano Morais & Ricardo Almeidahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00137437675720311095noreply@blogger.com